“…Of all the included studies, one included only orally administered formulations, 32 one included only intravenously administered formulations, 28 and the remaining 18 included both orally and intravenously administered formulations. For detecting inflammatory cytokines, 17 studies used CRP, 16,23,25,27–30,32–41 16 studies used only CRP, one study used CRP in combination with other inflammatory factors (IL‐6, IL‐8, IFN‐γ, IL‐10, IL1‐RA, IL‐1β and TNF‐α), 39 two studies used PCT, 24,26 and one study used only inflammatory factors (IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐18, INF‐γ, TNF‐α and TGF‐β1) 31 . Regarding the VRZ concentration detection methodology, 12 studies used LC/MS, 16,23–27,30,31,34,35,37,40 seven studies used HPLC, 29,32,33,36,38,39,41 and one study used enzyme immunoassay 28 .…”