VORPAL: a versatile plasma simulation code

Nieter, C.; Cary, John R.

doi:10.1016/j.jcp.2003.11.004

Cited by 648 publications

(396 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…We developed a 2D PIC/MCC model based on the VSIM simulation software [51], which has been widely used and validated [11,39,51]. This PIC/MCC simulation is based on an explicit and electrostatic method, which was first introduced and described in detail in Ref.…”

Section: Simulation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mode Transition of Filaments in Packed-Bed Dielectric Barrier Discharges

et al. 2018

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Abstract:We investigated the mode transition from volume to surface discharge in a packed bed dielectric barrier discharge reactor by a two-dimensional particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collision method. The calculations are performed at atmospheric pressure for various driving voltages and for gas mixtures with different N 2 and O 2 compositions. Our results reveal that both a change of the driving voltage and gas mixture can induce mode transition. Upon increasing voltage, a mode transition from hybrid (volume+surface) discharge to pure surface discharge occurs, because the charged species can escape much more easily to the beads and charge the bead surface due to the strong electric field at high driving voltage. This significant surface charging will further enhance the tangential component of the electric field along the dielectric bead surface, yielding surface ionization waves (SIWs). The SIWs will give rise to a high concentration of reactive species on the surface, and thus possibly enhance the surface activity of the beads, which might be of interest for plasma catalysis. Indeed, electron impact excitation and ionization mainly take place near the bead surface. In addition, the propagation speed of SIWs becomes faster with increasing N 2 content in the gas mixture, and slower with increasing O 2 content, due to the loss of electrons by attachment to O 2 molecules. Indeed, the negative O − 2 ion density produced by electron impact attachment is much higher than the electron and positive O + 2 ion density. The different ionization rates between N 2 and O 2 gases will create different amounts of electrons and ions on the dielectric bead surface, which might also have effects in plasma catalysis.

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Section: Simulation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mode Transition of Filaments in Packed-Bed Dielectric Barrier Discharges

et al. 2018

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“…The mechanism responsible for electron production is the self-modulated laser-wakefieldaccelerator (SM-LWFA) regime [1] in which the laser pulse length L is on the order or greater than the plasma wavelength. PIC simulations using the code VORPAL [36] showed the production of a small energy spread electron bunch in front of a bulk of a high-density electron beam for both an initially uniform plasma and with a preformed plasma channel [33]. The electron bunch lies in the first bucket of the plasma wave and typically has a higher average energy than the rest of the beam, allowing for extraction using a magnetic spectrometer.…”

Section: Sm-lwfa Injectors Using Pic Distributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Space charge modeling of dense electron beams with large energy spreads

Fubiani

Qiang

Esarey

et al. 2006

Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams

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Theoretical and numerical studies of the transport in vacuum of multi-nC, multi-MeV electron beams are performed using several methods, including envelope models, a novel semianalytic approach using ellipsoidal shell decomposition, a modified electrostatic particle-in-cell method, and a point-to-point interaction model. The effects of space-charge forces on the longitudinal and transverse bunch properties are evaluated for various bunch lengths, energies, energy spreads, and charges. An evaluation of the various methods for studying space-charge effects in large energy spread, high charge beams is summarized. Examples are given for beam distributions typical of those generated by plasma-based accelerators. It is found that, for the highly correlated beams produced in the self-modulated regime, the high energy portion of the beam can gain significant energy while propagating in vacuum due to spacecharge effects.

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“…However, to the best of our knowledge, a systematic comparison with the friction force formulas used by the electron cooling community has not been reported. In this paper, we present a systematic comparison between available formulas and simulation results from the VORPAL code [16], which includes a recently implemented algorithm to explicitly resolve close binary collisions [17]. To enable validation of VORPAL results at least for some limiting cases, like the limit of zero and very strong magnetic field, numerical integration over Gaussian electron velocity distributions has been added to the BETACOOL code [18].…”

Section: Problems With Existing Analytical Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical study of the magnetized friction force

Fedotov

Bruhwiler

Sidorin

et al. 2006

Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams

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Fundamental advances in experimental nuclear physics will require ion beams with orders of magnitude luminosity increase and temperature reduction. One of the most promising particle accelerator techniques for achieving these goals is electron cooling, where the ion beam repeatedly transfers thermal energy to a copropagating electron beam. The dynamical friction force on a fully ionized gold ion moving through magnetized and unmagnetized electron distributions has been simulated, using molecular dynamics techniques that resolve close binary collisions. We present a comprehensive examination of theoretical models in use by the electron cooling community. Differences in these models are clarified, enabling the accurate design of future electron cooling systems for relativistic ion accelerators.

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VORPAL: a versatile plasma simulation code

Cited by 648 publications

References 24 publications

Mode Transition of Filaments in Packed-Bed Dielectric Barrier Discharges

Mode Transition of Filaments in Packed-Bed Dielectric Barrier Discharges

Space charge modeling of dense electron beams with large energy spreads

Numerical study of the magnetized friction force

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