Vortex assisted-ionic liquid based dispersive liquid liquid microextraction of low levels of nickel and cobalt in chocolate-based samples and their determination by FAAS

Altunay, Nail; Elık, Adıl; Gürkan, Ramazan

doi:10.1016/j.microc.2019.03.037

Cited by 55 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Numerous spectroscopy techniques have been used for the determination of cobalt, including flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ], graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) [ 20 ], inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) [ 21 ], inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) [ 22 ], and thermal lens spectrometry [ 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of a Hydrophobic Azo Dye for the Centrifuge-Less Cloud Point Extraction–Spectrophotometric Determination of Cobalt

et al. 2022

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The hydrophobic azo dye 6-hexyl-4-(2-thiazolylazo)resorcinol (HTAR, H2L) was studied as part of a system for the centrifuge-less cloud point extraction (CL-CPE) and spectrophotometric determination of traces of cobalt. The extracted 1:2 (Co:HTAR) complex, [CoIII(HL−)(L2−)]0, shows an absorption maximum at 553 nm and contains HTAR in two different acid–base forms. Optimum conditions for its formation and CL-CPE were found as follows: 1 × 10−5 mol L−1 of HTAR, 1.64% of Triton X-114, pH of 7.8, incubation time of 20 min at ca. 50 °C, and cooling time of 30 min at ca. −20 °C. The linear range, limit of detection, and apparent molar absorptivity coefficient were 5.4–189 ng mL−1, 1.64 ng mL−1, and 2.63 × 105 L mol−1 cm−1, respectively. The developed procedure does not use any organic solvents and can be described as simple, cheap, sensitive, convenient, and environmentally friendly. It was successfully applied to the analysis of artificial mixtures and real samples, such as steel, dental alloy, rainwater, ampoules of vitamin B12, and saline solution for intravenous infusion.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of a Hydrophobic Azo Dye for the Centrifuge-Less Cloud Point Extraction–Spectrophotometric Determination of Cobalt

et al. 2022

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“…There are three main types of chocolate such as, bitter, milk and white depending on the milk, sugar, cocoa bean, cocoa butter and condiment materials [2]. Among these types, bitter chocolate has the least amount of added fat and the largest cocoa mass.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination Essential and Toxic Metals in Bitter, Milk and White Chocolate Samples from Eight Different Manufacturers

Beyhan

Trak

Kabak

et al. 2021

Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi

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Chocolate is consumed by people of all ages in every part of society. Chocolate is a very rich source of many essential metals for the body but it also may involve toxic metals. Therefore, the accurate and precise method should be selected and applied to determine the essential and toxic metals in the chocolate samples. In present study, Na, K, Mg (II), Ca(II), Cu(II), Fe(III), Zn(II), Cd(II), Cr(III), Pb(II) and Ni(II) metals were determined by using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) in 24 different chocolate samples of 3 different types including 8 different brands of bitter, milk and white. The microwave-assisted digestion system was also used for the chocolate samples digestions. All results were given at 95% of confidence level. In addition, the accuracy of the method was also investigated by the analysis of a standard reference material (spinach leaves, NIST-1570a).

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“…Analytical chemists have tried to reduce or omit the hazardous toxic and volatile extraction solvents using liquid phase microextraction as a sample enrichment method and ionic liquids (IL) as an extraction phase [19]. The ionic liquids (ILs) were used as environment-friendly solvents because of their excellent physicochemical characteristics like frivolous vapor pressure, economical, green, selective solubility, thermal stabilities and good extractabilities for various organic compounds and metal ions [25,26]. Besides these features of ILs, some kinds of them show aggregation behavior in aqueous solutions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface active ionic liquid‑assisted cloud point extraction method for preconcentration of nickel in environmental samples before its FAAS determination

Gouda

El-Sheikh

Hafez

et al. 2020

Bulletin of Faculty of Science, Zagazig University

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Green, rapid and modified surface-active ionic liquid assisted cloud point extraction method (SAIL-CPE) was developed to preconcentrate trace levels of nickel Ni(II) ions in environmental samples perior to its detection by FAAS. The proposed method based on utilizing a mixture of a nonionic surfactant (Triton X-114) and a surface-active ionic liquid, 1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (C16MeImCl), as an extracting phase for Ni(II) ions after the complexation with sunset yellow FCF at pH 6.5. The impact of different analytical parameters on improving the extraction efficiency was invistigated. In the range of 2.0-600 µg L −1 , the calibration graph was linear with correlation coefficient of 0.9998. Limit of detection and preconcentration factor were 0.6 and 100. The reliability and precision of the proposed SAIL-CPE system as the relative standard deviation (RSD %) in the presence and absence of SAIL were examined by applying ten replicate determinations of 300 µg L-1 of Ni(II), and RSD % of the recoveries were found to be 1.40 and 2.9%, respectively. The validation of the proposed procedure was verified by test of certified reference materials (TMDA-51.3 fortified water, TMDA-53.3 fortified water and SRM spinach leaves 1570A) applying the standard addition method. Finally, the proposed SAIL-CPE method was developed and applied to preconcentrate and determine of trace levels of Ni(II) ions in real water, food and tobacco samples with satisfactory results.

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Vortex assisted-ionic liquid based dispersive liquid liquid microextraction of low levels of nickel and cobalt in chocolate-based samples and their determination by FAAS

Cited by 55 publications

References 40 publications

Use of a Hydrophobic Azo Dye for the Centrifuge-Less Cloud Point Extraction–Spectrophotometric Determination of Cobalt

Use of a Hydrophobic Azo Dye for the Centrifuge-Less Cloud Point Extraction–Spectrophotometric Determination of Cobalt

Determination Essential and Toxic Metals in Bitter, Milk and White Chocolate Samples from Eight Different Manufacturers

Surface active ionic liquid‑assisted cloud point extraction method for preconcentration of nickel in environmental samples before its FAAS determination

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