Vortex-assisted liquid–liquid–liquid microextraction (VALLLME) technique: A new microextraction approach for direct liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis analysis

Makahleh, Ahmad; Yap, Hui Fang; Saad, Bahruddin

doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2015.05.011

Cited by 26 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The peak areas increased as the extraction volume of 1-octanol increased from 100 to 150 μL and decreased thereafter. The trend is consistent with previous observation using vortexassisted liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction (VALLLME), which could be explained by the mass transfer rates of the analyte between the phases [34]. The extraction efficiency was independent of pH in the range from 3 to 12.…”

Section: Vallme Conditionssupporting

confidence: 92%

Vortex‐assisted liquid–liquid microextraction of strontium from water samples using 4′,4″(5″)‐di‐(tert‐butylcyclohexano)‐18‐crown‐6 and tetraphenylborate

Wang

Chang

Shen

et al. 2017

J of Separation Science

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A vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction method was developed for the chromatographic determination of strontium in aqueous samples. In the method, strontium was complexed with 4',4″(5″)-di-(tert-butylcyclohexano)-18-crown-6 in the presence of tetraphenylborate as the counter anion, which increased the hydrophobicity of the ion-association complex, resulting in its improved extraction into 1-octanol. Strontium from the organic phase was stripped with nitric acid back to aqueous solution and determined by ion chromatography. The optimum microextraction conditions were as follows: 2.0 mL aqueous samples with 3 mM tetraphenylborate; 150 μL of 1-octanol as the extractant phase with 10 mM DtBuCH18C6; vortex extraction time for 10 s; centrifugation at 6000 rpm for 4 min; stripping by 0.1 M nitric acid. Under the optimum conditions, the detection limit for strontium was 0.005 mg/L. The calibration curves showed good linearity over the range between 0.01 and 2.5 mg/L. Intra- and interday precisions of the present method were satisfactory with relative standard deviations of 1.7 and 2.1%, respectively.

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Section: Vallme Conditionssupporting

confidence: 92%

Vortex‐assisted liquid–liquid microextraction of strontium from water samples using 4′,4″(5″)‐di‐(tert‐butylcyclohexano)‐18‐crown‐6 and tetraphenylborate

Wang

Chang

Shen

et al. 2017

J of Separation Science

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“…Here, a dispersive solvent is not required and the volume of the extraction solvent is very low (just 50 μL). For better compatibility of this technique with HPLC or CE, Makahleh et al [126] employed VALLME with toluene as an extraction solvent. Then this toluene extract was used as a sample for the next micro VALLE step, where the analyte was re-extracted into the aqueous phase.…”

Section: Assisted Emulsification Microextraction Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Critical evaluation of microextraction pretreatment techniques—Part 2: Membrane‐supported and homogenous phase based techniques

Havlíková

Čabala

Pacáková

et al. 2018

J of Separation Science

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This review follows up on Part 1, which focused on classification and evaluation of single drop and sorbent‐based microextraction techniques. Membrane‐ and homogenous phase‐based microextraction techniques are discussed and classified in Part 2. These techniques are more recent than those in Part 1 and considerable attention has been paid to their development. The new methodologies are more sensitive and, thanks to their miniaturization, they can be classified as “green”, but no exhaustive classification is available. We hope that this review will contribute to better orientation in these methods.

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“…This is done in order to decrease the complexity of the matrix and increase the concentration of pesticides. Conventional sample preparation technique such as liquidliquid extraction (LLE) and solid phase extraction are the long-standing preconcentration and matrix separation method in analytical chemistry [3]. However, their disadvantages include time-consuming, labor-intensive and need a large amount of toxic organic solvents (especially LLE) [4].…”

Section: / 15mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound Assisted-Homogeneous Liquid-Liquid Phase Microextraction based on Deep Eutectic Solvents and Ethyl Acetate for Preconcentration of Selected Organochlorine Pesticides in Water Samples

Matong¹,

Mpupa²,

Nomngongo³

2018

Eurasian J Anal Chem

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A novel and greener methodology for the simultaneous preconcentration of organochlorine pesticides in water samples based on ultrasound assistedhomogeneous liquid-liquid phase microextraction (UA-HLLME) has been developed. Gas chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry was used for quantification of OCPS in water samples. In this method, choline-chloride-ethylene glycol deep eutectic solvent and ethyl acetate were used as the disperser solvent and extraction solvent, respectively. Univariate and multivariate approaches were used for optimization of the influential parameters that affect the extraction efficiency of the UA-HLLME method. Under the optimum conditions, enrichment factors ranging from 152 to 403 with acceptable recoveries of 85-100% were obtained. The dynamic linear ranges were obtained in the concentration range 0.015-1000 μg L −1 with correlation coefficients ranging 0.9952-0.9995. The limits of detection and quantification of the developed UA-HLLME method were in the range 1.9-8.6 ng L −1 and 5.9-26 ng L −1 , respectively. The intra-day and inter-day precision expressed in terms of relative standard deviation (%RSD) ranged from 2.1-4.5% and 3.9-7.3%, respectively. The developed method was successfully applied for the preconcentration and determination of the selected OCPs from 3 different river water samples. The developed procedure displayed simplicity, environmental friendliness, relatively high extraction efficiency, short analysis time and relatively low detection limits.

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Vortex-assisted liquid–liquid–liquid microextraction (VALLLME) technique: A new microextraction approach for direct liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis analysis

Cited by 26 publications

References 43 publications

Vortex‐assisted liquid–liquid microextraction of strontium from water samples using 4′,4″(5″)‐di‐(tert‐butylcyclohexano)‐18‐crown‐6 and tetraphenylborate

Vortex‐assisted liquid–liquid microextraction of strontium from water samples using 4′,4″(5″)‐di‐(tert‐butylcyclohexano)‐18‐crown‐6 and tetraphenylborate

Critical evaluation of microextraction pretreatment techniques—Part 2: Membrane‐supported and homogenous phase based techniques

Ultrasound Assisted-Homogeneous Liquid-Liquid Phase Microextraction based on Deep Eutectic Solvents and Ethyl Acetate for Preconcentration of Selected Organochlorine Pesticides in Water Samples

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