Vortex Laser based on III-V semiconductor metasurface: direct generation of coherent Laguerre-Gauss modes carrying controlled orbital angular momentum

Seghilani, Mohamed; Myara, M.; Saad, Mohamed; Legratiet, Luc; Sagnes, I.; Beaudoin, G.; Lalanne, Philippe; Garnache, A.

doi:10.1038/srep38156

Cited by 54 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Laser polarization is often associated to the spin angular momentum of the photon. Recently it has been clearly understood that laser beams may have, besides the intrinsic spin, orbital angular momentum (OAM): see for example the chapter by Allen and Padgett [3] and also [4][5][6][7][8][9] for some experiments with light in states having OAM. The generation of OAM beams is now clearly understood and the applications of those beams are remarkable because of their structure so different from the ordinary plane wave solutions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear relativistic electron Thomson Scattering for laser radiation with orbital angular momentum

et al. 2020

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The classical nonlinear incoherent Thomson Scattering (TS) power spectrum from free relativistic electrons moving in a laser beam with orbital angular momentum (OAM) is investigated. The main focus in this paper is on the TS process as a diagnostic technique for this type of beams. Linearly polarized incoming radiation and electrons of very low initial kinetic energy are considered. Averaged spectra from electrons randomly covering the transverse laser pattern have different shape in the case of a beam with OAM as compared with the TEM 00 case (with vanishing net OAM). Hence, spectrally resolved measurements are needed to discriminate between both cases. If electrons are distributed over the laser spot as thin stripes at a given angle with respect to the polarization direction, computations show non-trivial angular dependencies of integrated power of a laser with OAM as compared with the TEM 00 mode. An experimental test of the OAM state of a laser beam is proposed based on these results. The numerical code developed is general enough to deal with more complex polarization states of the laser beam and/or electrons having arbitrary initial kinetic energies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear relativistic electron Thomson Scattering for laser radiation with orbital angular momentum

et al. 2020

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“…Metasurfaces have verified their strong power in a wide range of applications like achromatic lensing, hologram, polarization‐flipping, and even photonic topology . However, there have been just a few works studying metasurfaces in the cavity application . In these works, a metasurface is just used as a frequency filter or a spatial filter to replace the corresponding traditional optical element outside a cavity to manipulate a supported resonant mode .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metasurface for Constructing a Stable High‐Q Plano‐Planar Open Cavity

Jin

2019

Advanced Optical Materials

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fabrication at the microscale harder, which does not comply with the development tendency of planarization and integration. The development of metasurfaces brings a promise to solve the above dilemma nicely by creating a planar mirror whose reflective property can be engineered at will. Usually, a metasurface consists of a layer of subwavelength particles, with/without a reflecting substrate, which imparts local and space-variant phase delay by their localized resonance. [2][3][4] Metasurfaces have verified their strong power in a wide range of applications like achromatic lensing, [5,6] hologram, [7,8] polarization-flipping, [9,10] and even photonic topology. [11] However, there have been just a few works studying metasurfaces in the cavity application. [12,13] In these works, a metasurface is just used as a frequency filter [12] or a spatial filter [13] to replace the corresponding traditional optical element outside a cavity to manipulate a supported resonant mode. [14] Here, a planar metasurface as a reflecting mirror will be introduced to replace the curved mirror in the concave cavity by imparting a designed phase profile. Utilizing the flexible phase modulation of the metasurface, a plano-planar meta-cavity behaving like the concave cavity can be realized, and the problems brought by the curved shape can be got rid of thoroughly. In constructing the meta-cavity, the most important problem is to find a low-loss metasurface which can nearly totally reflect an incident wave. The required metasurface can be obtained relatively easily by putting dielectric resonant particles of high permittivity on a metal substrate in the microwave range. A meta-cavity will be demonstrated based on such a metasurface in this paper. If one can find a dielectric metasurface with high reflection, an optical meta-cavity can also be realized in a similar method. Designing an Ideal Plano-Planar Cavity Mimicking a Concave CavityFirst, the mode pattern difference between an FP cavity and a concave cavity is demonstrated simply. Both cavity structures are schematically illustrated in Figure 1a, which consist simply of two planar or curved perfect electrical conductors (PECs) as mirrors positioned in the free space. The cavity structures are assumed to be infinite along the y axis, and then their simulation is simplified into a 2D problem. In this paper, the simulation is all conducted with the COMSOL software unless Traditional open cavities are constructed by planar or concave mirrors. A Fabry-Pérot (FP) cavity is convenient to integrate and fabricate, but highly sensitive to the parallelism of the end mirrors. In contrast, a concave cavity is more stable and possesses a lower leaky rate, but the curved geometry brings inconvenience. Here, it is suggested that a planar meta-cavity can simultaneously possess the advantages of both of the above open cavities by using a metasurface to create a planar meta-mirror that mimics the behavior of a concave mirror. For demonstration, a microwave meta-cavity is constructed, whose meta-mirror cons...

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“…30 Integrated intra-cavity all-dielectric metasurface has been employed to select a given vortex lasing emission 4 by introducing a weak angular perturbation of light at the reflecting surface. 31 Nevertheless, these integrations of dielectric metasurfaces are highly intrusive, unavoidably modifying the laser structure, and thus their characteristics, i.e. emission power and lasing wavelength.…”

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confidence: 99%

Metasurface-integrated vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers for programmable directional lasing emissions

et al. 2020

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Featuring low threshold current, circular beam profile, and scalable fabrication, vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) have made indispensable contributions to the development of modern optoelectronic technologies. Manipulation of electromagnetic fields with emerging flat optical structures, namely metasurfaces, offers new opportunities to minimize complex optical systems into ultra-compact dimensions. Here, we proposed and experimentally demonstrated Vertical Cavity Metasurface-Emitting Lasers (VCMELs) through the monolithic integration of high-index metasurfaces, characterized by their remarkable spatial controllability over the laser beams. Such wafer-level monolithic integration of metasurfaces through VCSELs-compatible technology not only considerably simplifies the assembling process but also preserves the laser characteristics, with 2 great potential to promote various wide-field applications of VCSELs such as optical data communication, ultra-compact light detection and ranging (LiDAR), 3D sensing, and directional displays. Introduction: Vertical-cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) have experienced a soaring development over the last 30 years, particularly after the demonstration of the first continuous-wave (cw) room-temperature device. 1-3 Their unique features such as low-power consumption, circular beam profile, wafer-level testing, large-scale two-dimensional (2D) array have made them the most versatile laser sources for a large number of applications ranging from optical communications, to instrumentation, as well as laser manufacturing and sensing. 4-6 The exploding application demands and the rapidly growing markets pose a longstanding challenge to further improve their performance while realizing precise beam control. In this context, the replacement of the top reflector with resonant structures and the incorporation of photonic crystal have been extensively employed to tune the emission, achieve high brightness,respectively. Meanwhile, considerable attention has been paid to improve the beam quality of the VCSELs, for example, by preventing high-order transverse modes 7-11 .Despite the fact that single-fundamental-mode laser can be realized by limiting the active region with a reduced oxide aperture, strong diffraction effect produces highly

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Vortex Laser based on III-V semiconductor metasurface: direct generation of coherent Laguerre-Gauss modes carrying controlled orbital angular momentum

Cited by 54 publications

References 42 publications

Nonlinear relativistic electron Thomson Scattering for laser radiation with orbital angular momentum

Nonlinear relativistic electron Thomson Scattering for laser radiation with orbital angular momentum

Metasurface for Constructing a Stable High‐Q Plano‐Planar Open Cavity

Metasurface-integrated vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers for programmable directional lasing emissions

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