Vortex‐ultrasound‐assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for the analysis of volatile bioactive components and comparative pharmacokinetic study of the herb–herb interactions in Guanxin Shutong Capsule

Abstract

Guanxin Shutong Capsule, an effective traditional Chinese medicine, is widely used for coronary heart disease clinically. Volatile components are one of its important bioactive constituents. To better understand the material basis for the therapeutic effects, the components of Guanxin Shutong Capsule absorbed into the blood and their metabolites were identified based on gas chromatography with mass spectrometry coupled with vortex-ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction. As a result, three prototypes and 15 metabolites were identified or tentatively characterized in rat plasma. Subsequently, a pharmacokinetic study was carried out to monitor the concentrations of the main bioactive constituents and metabolites (isoborneol, borneol, eugenol, and camphor) by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry in rat plasma following oral administration of single herb extract and different combinations of herbs in this prescription. Compared to other groups, a statistically significant difference of the pharmacokinetic properties was obtained when the total complex prescription was administered, indicating possible drug-drug interactions among the complex ingredients of Guanxin Shutong Capsule. These findings provided an experimental basis concerning the clinical application and medicinal efficacy of Guanxin Shutong Capsule in the treatment of coronary heart disease.

Comprehensive chemical profiling of volatile constituents of Angong Niuhuang Pill in vitro and in vivo based on gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry

“…5 C. The relative plasma concentration profiling of muscone could not be displayed because the content of muscone was extremely low at 0.25–4 h. The volatile constituents of most two high content in ANP were quickly absorbed after oral administration, and then decreased rapidly. While the content of camphor, the 2-position oxide of isoborneol and borneol [ 20 , 21 ], remained relatively stable within 4 h, suggesting that isoborneol and borneol may be gradually metabolized into camphor. Curiously, no metabolites of muscone were detected, which were consistent with previously reports [ 22 , 23 ].…”

Comprehensive chemical profiling of volatile constituents of Angong Niuhuang Pill in vitro and in vivo based on gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry

“…5C except the muscone because of the trace detection in 0.25-4 h. The volatile constituents of most two high content in ANP were quickly absorbed after oral administration, and then decreased rapidly. While the content of camphor, the 2position oxide of isoborneol and borneol [20,21], remained relatively stable within 4 hours, suggesting that isoborneol and borneol may be gradually metabolized into camphor. Curiously, no metabolites of muscone were detected, which were consistent with previously reports [22,23].…”

Influence Factors of the Pharmacokinetics of Herbal Resourced Compounds in Clinical Practice

“…Experiment results showed that Schisandra lignans extract could significantly enhance the exposure of several ginsenosides both in vitro and in vivo . Recently, a comparative pharmacokinetic study in rats was carried out to evaluate the herb-herb interactions in Guanxin Shutong Capsule (GSC) following oral administration of single herb extract and different herb extract combinations [45]. With the composing of Choerospondias axillaris , Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge , Syzigium aromaticum (SA), Borneolum syntheticum (BS), and Tabaschir , GSC has been used for treating cardiovascular-related disease in clinical practice.…”