Vortices behavior depending on the aspect ratio of an insect-like flapping wing in hover

Han, Jong-Seob; Chang, Jo Won; Cho, Hwankee

doi:10.1007/s00348-015-2049-9

Cited by 46 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Several studies examining the aerodynamic effects of varying S have reported contradictory findings. While some studies found little variation in force coefficients (Usherwood & Ellington, 2002; Luo & Sun, 2005; Garmann & Visbal, 2014), others have postulated that larger wing spans are detrimental for force generation (Harbig et al, 2012; Han, Chang & Cho, 2015; Bhat et al, 2019). All these studies considered solid wings at Re c >100.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The copyright holder for this preprint this version posted October 27, 2020. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.27.356337 doi: bioRxiv preprint Luo & Sun, 2005;Garmann & Visbal, 2014), others have postulated that larger wing spans are detrimental for force generation (Harbig et al, 2012;Han, Chang & Cho, 2015;Bhat et al, 2019). All these studies considered solid wings at !…”

Section: Varying S For Fixed N and G/dmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inter-species variation in number of bristles on forewings of tiny insects does not impact clap-and-fling aerodynamics

Kasoju

Ford

Ngo

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Flight-capable miniature insects of body length (BL) < 2 mm typically possess wings with long bristles on the fringes. Though their flight is challenged by needing to overcome significant viscous resistance at chord-based Reynolds number (Rec) on the order of 10, these insects use clap-and-fling mechanism coupled with bristled wings for lift augmentation and drag reduction. However, inter-species variation in the number of bristles (n) and inter-bristle gap (G) to bristle diameter (D) ratio (G/D) and their effects on clap-and-fling aerodynamics remain unknown. Forewing image analyses of 16 species of thrips and 21 species of fairyflies showed that n and maximum wing span were both positively correlated with BL. We conducted aerodynamic force measurements and flow visualization on simplified physical models of bristled wing pairs that were prescribed to execute clap-and-fling kinematics at Rec=10 using a dynamically scaled robotic platform. 23 bristled wing pairs were tested to examine the isolated effects of changing dimensional (G, D, span) and non-dimensional (n, G/D) geometric variables on dimensionless lift and drag. Within biologically observed ranges of n and G/D, we found that: (a) increasing G provided more drag reduction than decreasing D; (b) changing n had minimal impact on lift generation; and (c) varying G/D produced minimal changes in aerodynamic forces. Taken together with the broad variation in n (32-161) across the species considered here, the lack of impact of changing n on lift generation suggests that tiny insects may experience reduced biological pressure to functionally optimize n for a given wing span.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Varying S For Fixed N and G/dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inter-species variation in number of bristles on forewings of tiny insects does not impact clap-and-fling aerodynamics

Kasoju

Ford

Ngo

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Furthermore, this study only considered three pitching parameters, leaving numerous kinematic parameters left as unexplored topics of future studies. Another avenue for future research would be to investigate additional QS models [8,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] and compare them against each other as well as against Navier-Stokes solvers. Table A1 lists the kinematics that we consider in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The unsteady low Reynolds number flow around flapping wings is governed by the NSe [8,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. However, due to the computational challenges associated with efficiently solving the full NSe, the QS method still is of much interest.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quasi-Steady versus Navier–Stokes Solutions of Flapping Wing Aerodynamics

Pohly

Salmon

Bluman

et al. 2018

Fluids

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Various tools have been developed to model the aerodynamics of flapping wings. In particular, quasi-steady models, which are considerably faster and easier to solve than the Navier–Stokes equations, are often utilized in the study of flight dynamics of flapping wing flyers. However, the accuracy of the quasi-steady models has not been properly documented. The objective of this study is to assess the accuracy of a quasi-steady model by comparing the resulting aerodynamic forces against three-dimensional (3D) Navier–Stokes solutions. The same wing motion is prescribed at a fruit fly scale. The pitching amplitude, axis, and duration are varied. Comparison of the aerodynamic force coefficients suggests that the quasi-steady model shows significant discrepancies under extreme pitching motions, i.e., the pitching motion is large, quick, and occurs about the leading or trailing edge. The differences are as large as 1.7 in the cycle-averaged lift coefficient. The quasi-steady model performs well when the kinematics are mild, i.e., the pitching motion is small, long, and occurs near the mid-chord with a small difference in the lift coefficient of 0.01. Our analysis suggests that the main source for the error is the inaccuracy of the rotational lift term and the inability to model the wing-wake interaction in the quasi-steady model.

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“…In Diptera, previous studies reported aspect ratios of 2.91–3.14 for Drosophila [ 121 , 122 ], 2.88 for Musca [ 83 ], and 2.62–2.93 for Calliphora [ 119 , 121 ]. The highest aerodynamic forces in hovering, root-flapping insect-like wings are produced at an aspect ratio of approximately 3.0 [ 123 ]. As already mentioned, wing planform determines both the ability of a wing to produce lift and the span efficiency.…”

Section: The Aerodynamic Benefits Of An Ideal Planformmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wing Design in Flies: Properties and Aerodynamic Function

Krishna

Cho

Wehmann

et al. 2020

Insects

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The shape and function of insect wings tremendously vary between insect species. This review is engaged in how wing design determines the aerodynamic mechanisms with which wings produce an air momentum for body weight support and flight control. We work out the tradeoffs associated with aerodynamic key parameters such as vortex development and lift production, and link the various components of wing structure to flight power requirements and propulsion efficiency. A comparison between rectangular, ideal-shaped and natural-shaped wings shows the benefits and detriments of various wing shapes for gliding and flapping flight. The review expands on the function of three-dimensional wing structure, on the specific role of wing corrugation for vortex trapping and lift enhancement, and on the aerodynamic significance of wing flexibility for flight and body posture control. The presented comparison is mainly concerned with wings of flies because these animals serve as model systems for both sensorimotor integration and aerial propulsion in several areas of biology and engineering.

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Vortices behavior depending on the aspect ratio of an insect-like flapping wing in hover

Cited by 46 publications

References 49 publications

Inter-species variation in number of bristles on forewings of tiny insects does not impact clap-and-fling aerodynamics

Inter-species variation in number of bristles on forewings of tiny insects does not impact clap-and-fling aerodynamics

Quasi-Steady versus Navier–Stokes Solutions of Flapping Wing Aerodynamics

Wing Design in Flies: Properties and Aerodynamic Function

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