“…Several theories have been provided to make sense of the above-mentioned puzzles. Examples include political bias towards the rich (Benabou, 2000), the prospect of upward mobility by lowincome agents (Quadrini, 1999;Benabou and Ok, 2001;Alesina and La Ferrara, 2005;Arawatari and Ono, 2009), lobbying and campaign contributions by the rich (Rodriguez, 2004;Campante, 2010), voters' preferences for redistribution (Creedy and Moslehi, 2009;Creedy et al, 2010), and borrowing constraints that hit low-income agents (Casamatta et al, 2000;Bellettini and Berti Ceroni, 2007;Cremer et al, 2007). These studies, however, assume that redistributive expenditure is financed only via income tax.…”