Voudourisite, Cd(SO4)·H2O, and lazaridisite, Cd3(SO4)3·8H2O, two new minerals from the Lavrion Mining District, Greece

Rieck, Branko; Lengauer, Christian L.; Giester, Gerald

doi:10.1180/mgm.2018.157

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…Minerals formed at the expense of pyrrhotite, pyrite, and chalcopyrite are widespread and consist of efflorescent salts (e.g., halotrichite, melanterite, rozenite, fibroferrite, römerite, voltaite, and copiapite-group minerals) [74,75,87]. Twenty-three minerals were first reported from Lavrion mines (e.g., attikaite, glaucocerinite, ktenasite, kapellasite, hilarionite, zinkolivenite, agardite-(Nd), nickeltsumcorite, kamarizaite and serpierite and several Cd-Zn-bearing sulfates as niedermayrite, lazaridisite, voudourisite, drobecite, and katerinopoulosite from the Esperanza mine [82,87,88,91,95]) (Table 1). Others were first discovered in antique Lavrion slags where they formed by interaction with seawater (e.g., fiedlerite, thorikosite, georgiadesite, nealite, paralaurionite, and penfieldite) [102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110].…”

Section: Lavrion Primary and Supergene Mineralsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Lavrion Mines: A Unique Site of Geological and Mineralogical Heritage

et al. 2021

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The Lavrion area corresponds to the western part of the Attic-Cycladic metamorphic belt, in the back-arc region of the active Hellenic subduction zone. Between the Eocene and the Miocene, metamorphic rocks (mainly marbles and schists) underwent several stages of metamorphism and deformation due to collision and collapse of the Cycladic belt. Exhumation during the Miocene was accommodated by the movement of a large-scale detachment fault system, which also enhanced emplacement of magmatic rocks, leading to the formation of the famous Lavrion silver deposits. The area around the mines shows the stacking of nappes, with ore deposition mainly localized within the marbles, at marble-schist contacts, below, within, or above the detachment. The Lavrion deposit comprises five genetically-related but different styles of mineralization, a feature never observed in another ore deposit elsewhere, containing the highest number of different elements of any known mining district. The local geology, tectonic, and magmatic activity were fundamental factors in determining how and when the mineralization formed. Other key factors, such as the rise and the fall of sea level, which resulted from climate change over the last million years, were also of major importance for the subsequent surface oxidation at Lavrion that created an unmatched diversity of secondary minerals. As a result, the Lavrion deposit contains 638 minerals of which Lavrion is type-locality for 23 of them, which is nearly 12% of all known species. Apart from being famous for its silver exploitation, this mining district contains more minerals than any other district on Earth. The unique geological, mineralogical, and educational (mining, archaeological, and environmental) features suggest that it is highly suitable to be developed as a future UNESCO Global Geopark.

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Section: Lavrion Primary and Supergene Mineralsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Lavrion Mines: A Unique Site of Geological and Mineralogical Heritage

et al. 2021

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“…The area of the Lavrion mining district is well known for a large number of mineral species, among them more than 20 new minerals; for a short summary see Rieck et al (2019;2020;and references therein). Over the last 30 years a series of field trips by one of the autors (B.R.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Katsarosite Zn(C2O4)·2H2O, a new humboldtine-group mineral from the Lavrion Mining District, Greece

et al. 2023

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Katsarosite, ideally Zn(C2O4)·2H2O, named for Īraklīs Katsaros, is a new mineral found at the Esperanza Mine in the Kaminiza area of the Lavrion Mining District, Greece. Katsarosite usually occurs directly on sphalerite or embedded in jarosite and/or hydrozincite, often intimately intergrown with gypsum and overgrown by goslarite and/or epsomite. Crystal aggregates are mostly fine granular to earthy, with individual crystals being usually rounded with an average diameter of 30 µm, sometimes prismatic along [001] or platy, exhibiting the indistinct forms {100}, {001}, {110}, and {101}. Katsarosite is malleable with a Mohs hardness of 1½ – 2 and exhibits a perfect cleavage on {110}; the fracture is uneven in all other directions. The colour depends on the iron (Fe2+) content, ranging from pure white in almost Fe-free samples to yellow in Fe-rich specimens. It has a resinous luster and a white streak; no luminescence has been observed under either short- or long-wave ultraviolet radiation. Katsarosite is optically biaxial (+). Refractive indices measured at a wavelength of 589 nm are nα = 1.488(2), nβ = 1.550(2), nγ = 1.684(2), with 2Vobs = 71(3)°. Chemical analysis gave on average C2O3 38.32 wt%, ZnO 38.99 wt%, FeO 1.92 wt%, and H2O 19.04 wt% (the latter was deduced based on the crystal-structure refinement), with traces of MgO and MnO. The new mineral is readily soluble in dilute acids. Katsarosite is monoclinic, space group C2/c, with unit-cell parameters a = 11.768(3), b = 5.3882(12), c = 9.804(2) Å, β = 127.045(8)°, V = 496.2(2) Å3 (Z = 4). The strongest lines in the Gandolfi X-ray powder pattern [dobs in Å, Iobs/I100, (hkl)] are: 4.6745, 100, (200); 4.7678, 94, (20$$\overline{2 }$$ 2 ¯ ); 2.9533, 51, (40$$\overline{2 }$$ 2 ¯ ); 4.7030, 37, (1 $$\overline{1 }\,\overline{1 }$$ 1 ¯ 1 ¯ ); 3.9266, 33, (002); 3.5686, 27, (111); 2.6574, 22, (1 $$\overline{1 }\,\overline{3 }$$ 1 ¯ 3 ¯ ); 3.5992, 8, (1 $$\overline{1 }\,\overline{2 }$$ 1 ¯ 2 ¯ ); 2.7032, 4, (020). The crystal structure was refined based on single-crystal X-ray diffraction data to R(F) = 0.08. The observed mass density of 2.50(2) g cm−3 compares well with the calculated value (2.508 g cm−3). Katsarosite belongs to the humboldtine group, whose crystal-structure type is well described for both isotypic minerals and synthetic compounds in the literature. The atomic arrangement in Zn(C2O4)·2H2O is characterized by chains consisting of isolated ZnO6 octahedra which are alternately linked along [010] via oxalate anions. These chains are interconnected through hydrogen bonds only, with Ow···O (with Ow denoting the O atom of the H2O molecule) donor–acceptor distances of ~ 2.8 Å.

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