“…While higher and more variable pitch might be the two robust characteristics of IDS present across cultures and languages (Broesch & Bryant, 2015;Farran et al, 2016;McClay et al, 2021;Narayan & McDermott, 2016; but see also Han et al, 2020Han et al, , 2021, vowel space expansion, on the other hand, has not been reported consistently across languages. For instance, increased vowel space expansion in IDS vs. ADS has not been found in Dutch (Benders, 2013), German (Audibert & Falk, 2018), Cantonese (Xu Rattanasone et al, 2013), Lenakel and Southwest Tanna (McClay et al, 2021), and inconsistently reported in Norwegian (Englund & Behne, 2006;Kartushina, Robbestad, et al, 2021). Further, experimental studies have found that neither British (Floccia et al, 2016) or German (Schreiner & Mani, 2017) infants segment speech stimuli recorded in natural IDS register in their respective languages, unless these are prosodically exaggerated over and beyond what would be considered 'natural' British and German IDS.…”