Vulnerability assessment of fault-tolerant optical network-on-chips

Abdollahi, Meisam; Mohammadi, Siamak

doi:10.1016/j.jpdc.2020.06.016

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Although both of the designs in [23,29] increase the number of MRs for reliability purposes, they cause extra contention and insertion loss, since they use more resources (e.g., MRs) to reroute faulty signals in many cases. Similarly, the authors in [30] proposed a framework to construct fault-tolerant optical routers by using redundant MRs to provide extra paths. However, this framework is applied manually and does not have a regular rule to fit all types of optical routers, as well as provide more blocking as the previous two proposed ORs.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To evaluate the performance of our architecture, we implement the reliable ring waveguide into several nonreliable optical routers proposed in [31,[33][34][35][36][37][38]; two of them are presented in Figure 5, and we compare them with 7 × 7 and 5 × 5 FTTDOR proposed in [29] and the NRFT optical router in [23] and some other fault-tolerant optical routers presented in [30]. Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Table 2 compares the features of the proposed faulttolerant scheme compared with some previously proposed fault-tolerant optical routers for different sizes.…”

Section: Performance Evaluation and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We here evaluate more optical routers using RRW compared to others proposed in [23,29,30 10 Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing the same method as [40]. We evaluate the insertion loss (IL) of the other optical routers in Figure 5 and show the worstcase IL in both the default and the backup paths.…”

Section: Insertion Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Now, we consider routers with the size of 5 × 5. Since the 5 × 5 Crux and 5 × 5 Cygnus are originally not fault-tolerant optical routers, thus we implement our RRW scheme and compare it with the fault-tolerant architectures designed based on them and proposed in [30]. Table 4 shows that optical routers based on RRW encounter a slightly more insertion loss in the minimum and the average insertion loss, which can be regarded as 6.6%.…”

Section: Insertion Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Universal Method for Constructing Fault‐Tolerant Optical Routers Using RRW

Fadhel

Huang

2021

Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing

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High-speed data transmission enabled by photonic network-on-chip (PNoC) has been regarded as a significant technology to overcome the power and bandwidth constraints of electrical network-on-Chip (ENoC). This has given rise to an exciting new research area, which has piqued the public’s attention. Current on-chip architectures cannot guarantee the reliability of PNoC, due to component failures or breakdowns occurring, mainly, in active components such as optical routers (ORs). When such faults manifest, the optical router will not function properly, and the whole network will ultimately collapse. Moreover, essential phenomena such as insertion loss, crosstalk noise, and optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) must be considered to provide fault-tolerant PNoC architectures with low-power consumption. The main purpose of this manuscript is to improve the reliability of PNoCs without exposing the network to further blocking or contention by taking the effect of backup paths on signals sent over the default paths into consideration. Thus, we propose a universal method that can be applied to any optical router in order to increase the reliability by using a reliable ring waveguide (RRW) to provide backup paths for each transmitted signal within the same router, without the need to change the route of the signal within the network. Moreover, we proposed a simultaneous transmission probability analysis for optical routers to show the feasibility of this proposed method. This probability analyzes all the possible signals that can be transmitted at the same time within the default and the backup paths of the router. Our research work shows that the simultaneous transmission probability is improved by 10% to 46% compared to other fault-tolerant optical routers. Furthermore, the worst-case insertion loss of our scheme can be reduced by 46.34% compared to others. The worst-case crosstalk noise is also reduced by 24.55%, at least, for the default path and 15.7%, at least, for the backup path. Finally, in the network level, the OSNR is increased by an average of 68.5% for the default path and an average of 15.9% for the backup path, for different sizes of the network.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Performance Evaluation and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Insertion Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Insertion Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Universal Method for Constructing Fault‐Tolerant Optical Routers Using RRW

Fadhel

Huang

2021

Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing

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“…Suffering from high power cost, long network latency, and low network throughput [2,6,7], the overall performance of existing NoC systems is undesirable. Many approaches have been proposed to improve NoC performance, which includes changing the NoC structure [7,8], dynamically changing packet injection rate [9,10], optimizing routing algorithms [5,11], and so on. Routing algorithm optimization is one of a lower cost solution [12][13][14][15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ParRouting: An Efficient Area Partition-Based Congestion-Aware Routing Algorithm for NoCs

Fang

Zhang

2020

Micromachines

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Routing algorithms is a key factor that determines the performance of NoC (Networks-on-Chip) systems. Regional congestion awareness routing algorithms have shown great potential in improving the performance of NoC. However, it incurs a significant queuing latency when practitioners use existing regional congestion awareness routing algorithms to make routing decisions, thus degrading the performance of NoC. In this paper, we propose an efficient area partition-based congestion-aware routing algorithm, ParRouting, which aims at increasing the throughput and reducing the latency for NoC systems. First, ParRouting partitions the network into two areas (i.e., edge area and central area.) based on node priorities. Then, for the edge area, ParRouting selects the output node based on different priorities for higher throughput; for the central area, ParRouting selects the node in the low congestion direction as the output node for lower queuing latency. Our experimental results indicate that ParRouting achieves a 53.4% reduction in packet average latency over SPLASH -2 ocean application and improves the saturated throughput by up to 38.81% over a synthetic traffic pattern for an NoC system, compared to existing routing algorithms.

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Routing and Wavelength Assignment Algorithm for Mesh-based Multiple Multicasts in Optical Network-on-chip

Gao,

Yu,

Chen

et al. 2024

Theory Comput Syst

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Optical network-on-chip (ONoC) is an emerging architecture to realize high-performance and low power consumption for many-core processors. Multicast in ONoC is a vital communication pattern widely used in parallel computing and computational genomics. This paper proposes an efficient scheme for multiple multicast requests in ONoC. Firstly, we design an algorithm to construct two trees for two multicasts without conflicting edges in a mesh topology, and it only uses one wavelength. We propose a graph to represent the relationship between each multicast. Secondly, a group-based wavelength assignment scheme is designed to assign wavelengths for multiple multicasts. Finally, we used data analysis to extract helpful simulation results to form conclusions. The results indicate that our algorithm is superior to other tree-based schemes in communication latency and wavelength number usage.

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Vulnerability assessment of fault-tolerant optical network-on-chips

Cited by 13 publications

References 31 publications

Universal Method for Constructing Fault‐Tolerant Optical Routers Using RRW

Universal Method for Constructing Fault‐Tolerant Optical Routers Using RRW

ParRouting: An Efficient Area Partition-Based Congestion-Aware Routing Algorithm for NoCs

Routing and Wavelength Assignment Algorithm for Mesh-based Multiple Multicasts in Optical Network-on-chip

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