Vulnerability of Smallholder Farmers to Climate Change-Induced Shocks in East Hararghe Zone, Ethiopia

Zeleke, Titay; Beyene, Fekadu; Deressa, Temesgen; Yousuf, Jemal; Kebede, Temesgen

doi:10.3390/su13042162

Cited by 41 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Because the livelihood of farm households depends on rainfall the amount and distribution of rainfall is critical. According to Zeleke et al (2021), in the study area, because of the increase in temperature, erratic and uneven distribution of rainfall, smallholder farmers were exposed to drought. As a result, they were supported by a PSNP.…”

Section: Adaptation Barriersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smallholder farmers' perception of climate change and choice of adaptation strategies in East Hararghe Zone, Eastern Ethiopia

Zeleke

Beyene²,

Deressa³

et al. 2022

IJCCSM

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Purpose Change of climate is attributed to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere observed over comparable periods. The purpose of this paper is to explore smallholder farmers' perceptions of climate change and compare it with meteorological data, as well as to identify perceived adaptation barriers and examine the factors that influence the choice of adaptation options in eastern Ethiopia. Design/methodology/approach In total, 384 sample households were chosen from four districts of the zone. A cross-sectional survey was used to conduct the study. Primary data was acquired through key informant interviews, focus group discussions and semistructured interviews, whereas meteorological data was collected from the National Meteorological Service Agency of Ethiopia. A Mann–Kendall statistical test was used to analyze temperature and rainfall trends over 33 years. A multivariate probit (MVP) model was used to identify the determinants of farmers' choice of climate change adaptation strategies. Findings The result indicated that temperature was significantly increased, whereas rainfall was significantly reduced over the time span of 33 years. This change in climate over time was consistently perceived by farmers. Smallholder farmers use improved varieties of crops, crop diversification, adjusting planting dates, soil and water conservation practices, reducing livestock holdings, planting trees and small-scale irrigation adaptation strategies. Moreover, this study indicated that sex of the household head, landholding size, livestock ownership, access to extension, access to credit, social capital, market distance, access to climate change-related training, nonfarm income, agroecological setting and poverty status of the households significantly influence farmers’ choice of adaptation strategies. Research limitations/implications Further research is required to evaluate the economic impact of each adaptation options on the livelihood of smallholder farmers. Practical implications Institutional variables significantly influenced how farmers adapted to climate change, and all of these issues might potentially be addressed by improving institutional service delivery. To improve farm-level adaptation, local authorities are recommended to investigate the institutional service provision system while also taking demographic and agroecological factors in to account. Originality/value This study compared farmers' perceptions with temperature and rainfall trend analysis, which has been rarely addressed by other studies. This study adopts an MVP model and indicated the adaptation strategies that complement/substitute strategies each other. Furthermore, this study discovered that the choice of adaptation options differed between poor and nonpoor households, which has been overlooked in previous climate change adaptation research.

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Section: Adaptation Barriersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smallholder farmers' perception of climate change and choice of adaptation strategies in East Hararghe Zone, Eastern Ethiopia

Zeleke

Beyene²,

Deressa³

et al. 2022

IJCCSM

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…A bimodal rainfall distribution pattern characterizes the studied area. The local season of short rain, called Badheessa, lasts from March to May, while the main/long rainy season, known as Ganna, lasts from late June to September (Zeleke et al 2021). The mean monthly low temperature ranges between 4.1°C in De-cember and 16.4°C in January, though the maximum temperature ranges amid 24.5°C in December and 28.3°C in May, respectively.…”

Section: Climaticmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Stock Potential of Gara Gola Natural Vegetation in East Hararghe Zone, Eastern Ethiopia

Hussein

2022

J.Tropical Biodiversity Biotechnology

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This study was conducted at Gara Gola, in the Oromia regional state of Ethiopia, to examine the carbon sequestration potentials under three altitudinal gradients [i.e., Lower altitude (LA: 1500–1800 m.a.s.l.); Middle altitude (MA: 1801–2000 m.a.s.l.) and upper altitude (UA: 2001–2300 m.a.s.l.)]. A total of 60 quadrats of 20m x 20m, 5m x 5m, and 1m x 1m with six horizontal transect lines were employed to gather data on the tree, shrub, herbaceous, and soil, respectively. To estimate organic carbon percentage, soil parameters were collected from three soil profiles (i.e., 0 to 10 cm, 10 to 20 cm, and 20 to 30 cm). The mean total carbon stock of the study area was 641.18 Mg ha-1. MA had relatively higher TC than the other gradients. But the LA had the lowest TC stock, due to a high amount of human and animal interference. The results showed that the UA had significantly higher above-ground (AGC) and below-ground carbon (BGC) stocks with 147.3±39.4 Mg ha-1 and 18.37±7.8 Mg ha-1, respectively, compared to other gradients. However, LA had the lowest AGC (66.8±8.7 Mg ha-1) and BGC (12.06±2.6 Mg ha-1). Lower altitude exhibited a significantly higher SOC value than the other two altitudinal gradients followed by MA. The UA had the lowest SOC value. SOC across the three soil profiles follows a reduction trend from topsoil depth to lower soil depth with significant variation. In conclusion, LA should embrace better ecological, policy, and socioeconomic considerations than the other gradients.

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“…Vulnerability has become an increasingly useful field of research for addressing risk reduction and the mediation of economic and social impacts. As an analytical concept, vulnerability emerged in the environmental sciences when studying the impact of natural or economic disasters on human populations [20]. In social sciences, it is associated with the risk of harm in the face of a possible eventuality and the ability to avoid or cope with a harmful outcome [21].…”

Section: Vulnerability: Conceptual Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vulnerability among European Youth: A Proposal for a Multidimensional Approach (2013–2017)

2021

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The notion of vulnerability has acquired an important role in social policy debates. Therefore, the identification of vulnerable groups and their conditions is particularly important for the orientation of public policies and risk reduction. This article aims to offer a broad vision of the situation of European youth (15–29) using three dimensions of vulnerability (personal, economic and socio-cultural dimensions). To do so, we developed a multidimensional approach combining a system of indicators (N = 33) to contrast the evolution of the aforementioned dimensions among the European countries. Based on secondary analysis of quantitative data on European member states, we compared the evolution during two moments in time. The first period examined was 2012–2014, after the global financial crises but prior to the implementation of Youth Guarantee, whereas the second was the period which allowed for an examination of the latest updated data available (2017). Our results confirm territorial imbalances that affect the lives of European youth and their future opportunities. Northern countries led this scenario combining an inclusive education system with supportive labor market policies offering more opportunities to overcome risks. Although this multidimensional analysis is exploratory, its findings provide preliminary insight into the configuration of the dimensions of vulnerability in European youth.

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Vulnerability of Smallholder Farmers to Climate Change-Induced Shocks in East Hararghe Zone, Ethiopia

Cited by 41 publications

References 49 publications

Smallholder farmers' perception of climate change and choice of adaptation strategies in East Hararghe Zone, Eastern Ethiopia

Smallholder farmers' perception of climate change and choice of adaptation strategies in East Hararghe Zone, Eastern Ethiopia

Carbon Stock Potential of Gara Gola Natural Vegetation in East Hararghe Zone, Eastern Ethiopia

Vulnerability among European Youth: A Proposal for a Multidimensional Approach (2013–2017)

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