“Vulnerable marine ecosystems” and related notions in the practice of marine environmental management: conceptions, terminology and possibilities of application for the conservation of the marine environment and biological resources of the Russian seas

With the development of technical capabilities for the exploration and exploitation of the continental shelf, the desire of coastal states to expand the area of their jurisdiction in the "underwater territory" (the territory of the seabed) increased. Thanks to the activism of the judges of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, the concept of the continental shelf for the purposes of international maritime law has been significantly developed. As a result, the coastal states signatories to the 1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea were able to establish the outer limit of the continental shelf, which, under certain conditions, can extend even beyond 350 nautical miles from the baseline.Disputes between states on the continental shelf mainly arise in connection with the need to distinguish between marine areas rich in sources of living and non-living resources. In such cases, it may be necessary to delineate the continental shelf between adjacent States (with a common border) or located opposite each other, i.e. their delimitation under article 83 of the Convention on the Law of the Sea. The subject of the dispute is the external legal boundary of the continental shelf of the state, where it extends beyond 200 nautical miles from the baseline of that state (the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles), adjoins the area that is the common heritage of mankind, outside the jurisdiction of any of the states.On the issue of determining the limits of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles, the decision of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea of 14.03.2012 "On delimitation of maritime boundary between Bangladesh and Myanmar" is of a precedent value, since no international court has previously addressed this issue.

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X-Ray Visualization as Identification Technique for Fragments of Deep-Sea Habitat-Forming Scleractinians

Molodtsova,

Mishin,

Simakova

2023

JOR

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Deep-sea colonial Scleractinia (Anthozoa: Hexacorallia) are indicator species of vulnerable marine ecosystems known as deep-sea coral reefs. The number of species of deep-sea community-forming colonial Scleractinia is small and specimens of good preservation, especially those collected in a live state, can be easily identified to the species level. Identification of fragments, especially those of the basal part of colonies, can be difficult. We have shown that X-ray examination can effectively distinguish colony fragments of the widespread deep-sea community-forming scleractinian corals Desmophyllum pertusum and Solenosmilia variabilis (Caryophylliidae). The skeleton of S. variabilis is considerably denser and less X-ray permeable compared to D. pertusum. The calyx cavities of the corallites of S. variabilis are visible only at the periphery of the fragment and practically do not extend to the outside. In D. pertusum, the cavities of the corallites can be deeply traced in the fragment body, they have a conical shape and considerably expand to the periphery. The proposed method of identification is inexpensive, does not require special sample preparation, and allows rapid identification of bulk material.

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“Vulnerable marine ecosystems” and related notions in the practice of marine environmental management: conceptions, terminology and possibilities of application for the conservation of the marine environment and biological resources of the Russian seas

Cited by 3 publications

References 9 publications

Benthic Assemblages of the Powell Basin

Benthic Assemblages of the Powell Basin

On Delineation of the Continental Shelf: Decision of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea on Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary between Bangladesh and Myanmar, 2012

X-Ray Visualization as Identification Technique for Fragments of Deep-Sea Habitat-Forming Scleractinians

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