Vulvar Melanoma: Molecular Characteristics, Diagnosis, Surgical Management, and Medical Treatment

Wohlmuth, Christoph; Wohlmuth-Wieser, Iris

doi:10.1007/s40257-021-00614-7

Cited by 32 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 136 publications

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“…It is more common in vulvar melanoma (27%) and less common in vaginal melanoma (8%) [ 37 , 38 ]. On the other hand, NRAS mutation occurs in around 5.3% to 12% of genital tract melanomas [ 38 , 39 ], with a higher incidence in vaginal melanomas [ 40 ].…”

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Cutaneous Melanoma versus Vulvovaginal Melanoma—Risk Factors, Pathogenesis and Comparison of Immunotherapy Efficacy

Lorenz

Kozłowski

Lenkiewicz

et al. 2022

Cancers

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Cutaneous melanoma is a relatively common neoplasm, with fairly well understood pathogenesis, risk factors, prognosis and therapeutic protocols. The incidence of this disease is increasing every year. The situation is different for rare malignancies such as vulvar melanomas and for the even rarer vaginal melanomas. The risk factors for vulvovaginal tumors are not fully understood. The basis of treatment in both cases is surgical resection; however, other types of treatments such as immunotherapy are available. This paper focuses on comparing the pathogenesis and risk factors associated with these neoplasms as well as the efficacy of two groups of drugs—anti-PD-L1 and anti-CTLA4 inhibitors—against both cutaneous melanoma and melanoma of the lower genital tract (vulva and vagina). In the case of cutaneous melanoma, the situation looks more optimistic than for vulvovaginal melanoma, which has a much worse prognosis and, as it turns out, shows a poorer response to immune therapy.

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Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Cutaneous Melanoma versus Vulvovaginal Melanoma—Risk Factors, Pathogenesis and Comparison of Immunotherapy Efficacy

Lorenz

Kozłowski

Lenkiewicz

et al. 2022

Cancers

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“…Groin node enlargement or urethral meatus obstruction associated with a pigmented vulvar lesion should also be referred to a specialist. “ABCDE” criteria [ 63 ] can be useful in the clinical evaluation of a suspected pigmented lesion: asymmetry, border irregularity, color, diameter, and evolution (of size, shape, or color) should be evaluated [ 61 , 64 ]. The amelanotic type lacks the typical dark color and could be confused with vulvar carcinoma [ 65 , 66 ]: it accounts for 2–10% of all VMs [ 30 , 66 ], is more common in postmenopausal women [ 65 ], and often appears “reddish” [ 58 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vulvar Malignant Melanoma: A Narrative Review

Falcicchio

Vinci

Cicinelli

et al. 2022

Cancers

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Malignant melanoma is a fatal disease that affects all skin sites. Among these, vulvar melanoma (VM) is a rare gynecological condition that accounts for 5% of all vulvar neoplasms. VM primarily affects older Caucasian women and its relationship to sun exposure is undefined. Diagnosis is defined by biopsy but many clinical, dermatoscopic, and confocal microscopic features can guide doctors. The molecular profile is characterized by the KIT mutation, revealed by all of the technologies that are used (classical sequencing, next-generation sequencing, and immunohistochemical staining). BRAF and NRAS mutations are also common in VM. All of these mutations are possible therapeutic targets. Today, surgery remains the first treatment choice for primary VM. The role of neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy is scarce and the treatment of relapses is widely debated.

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“…However, these margins may be modified depending on individual anatomic or functional considerations. 41 Abundant literature exists for melanoma of the vulva, which will not be further discussed here.…”

Section: Mesenchymal Tumors Of the Lower Genital Tractmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonsquamous Lesions of the Vulvar Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue: A Review (Part 2)

Rastegar

Aisner

Heller

2022

J Low Genit Tract Dis

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The aim of this second article was to complete part 1 review of nonsquamous lesions of the vulvar skin and subcutaneous tissue (Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease, 2021), clinically and pathologically, based on the fifth edition of the World Health Organization tumor classification. Materials and Methods: A database search of PubMed and GoogleScholar was performed between 1970 and 2021, using the search terms "vulva," "lower genital tract," and "non-squamous lesions." The search was limited to "human gynecological pathology." Full article texts were reviewed, and reference lists were screened for additional articles. We excluded abstracts and articles written in the non-English language.Results: An initial list of 400 articles was identified. Thirty-seven articles discussed clinicopathological features of nonsquamous lesions of the vulvar skin and subcutaneous tissue.Conclusions: Clinicopathological features of nonsquamous lesions of the vulvar skin and subcutaneous tissue as categorized by the updated World Health Organization classification are presented.

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Vulvar Melanoma: Molecular Characteristics, Diagnosis, Surgical Management, and Medical Treatment

Cited by 32 publications

References 136 publications

Cutaneous Melanoma versus Vulvovaginal Melanoma—Risk Factors, Pathogenesis and Comparison of Immunotherapy Efficacy

Cutaneous Melanoma versus Vulvovaginal Melanoma—Risk Factors, Pathogenesis and Comparison of Immunotherapy Efficacy

Vulvar Malignant Melanoma: A Narrative Review

Nonsquamous Lesions of the Vulvar Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue: A Review (Part 2)

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