Vulvovaginal candidiasis in Aminu Kano teaching hospital, North West Nigeria: Hospital-based epidemiological study

Ea, Ugwa

doi:10.4103/2141-9248.160185

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The predominance of BV over the other two causes of vaginitis is consistent with the findings among reproductive-aged women from distantly separated countries worldwide, including Indonesia, southwestern Nigeria, Nepal, Iran, Turkey and Grenada [18, 25, 33, 36–38]. In contrast, VVC was the most prevalent cause of vaginitis among sexually active adolescents from Brazil [21] and reproductive-aged women seeking medical care in Ethiopia and northeastern/northwestern Nigeria [35, 39, 40].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis and trichomonal vaginitis among reproductive-aged women seeking primary healthcare in Sana’a city, Yemen

et al. 2019

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BackgroundIn Yemen, the underlying causes of infectious vaginitis have been neglected. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with bacterial vaginosis (BV), vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) and trichomonal vaginitis (TV) among non-pregnant reproductive-aged women.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 347 non-pregnant reproductive-aged women seeking primary healthcare in Sana’a city, Yemen. Data about sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle-related behaviors, routine hygienic practices, menstrual care and history and type of contraceptive intake were collected using a structured questionnaire. Vaginal discharge samples were collected and examined for discharge characteristics and pH by a gynecologist. Then, samples were examined for BV, VVC and TV. Data were analyzed using suitable statistical tests.ResultsVaginal infections were prevalent among 37.6% of reproductive-aged women, where BV was the most prevalent (27.2%). VVC was significantly higher among symptomatic women and significantly associated with itching (P = 0.005). Using bivariate analysis, the age of < 25 years (odds ratio [OR] = 1.9, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16–3.10; P = 0.010) and using intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCDs) (OR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.09–2.89; P = 0.020) were significantly associated with BV, while history of miscarriage was significantly associated with a lower risk of BV (OR = 0.5, 95% CI: 0.31–0.85, P = 0.009). However, polygyny was significantly associated with VVC (OR = 3.4, 95% CI: 1.33–8.66; P = 0.007). Multivariable analysis confirmed that age of < 25 years and using IUCD were the independent predictors of BV, while history of miscarriage was an independent protective factor against BV. On the other hand, marriage to a polygamous husband was the independent predictor of VVC.ConclusionsMore than a third of non-pregnant reproductive-aged women seeking PHC in Sana’a have single or mixed infections with BV, VVC or TV. BV is the most frequent cause of vaginitis and is significantly associated with the age of < 25 years and using IUCDs, while VVC is significantly higher among women with polygamous husbands. Health education of polygamous husbands and their wives, regular monitoring of BV among IUCD users and screening women for vaginitis before treatment are recommended.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis and trichomonal vaginitis among reproductive-aged women seeking primary healthcare in Sana’a city, Yemen

et al. 2019

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“…We found that the frequency of VVC in our study is higher than the rates found in Nigerian (14.0%), Indian (20.47%), and Turkish (16%) studies (6,33,34). On the other hand, a very high prevalence of VVC (84.5%) was reported by Ugwa from North-West Nigeria (35). In contrast, the lowest frequency of infection was recorded in Brazil (5.44%) (36).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 72%

Prevalence of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis in Ahvaz, Southwest Iran: A Semi-Large Scale Study

Kiasat

Rezaei‐Matehkolaei

Mahmoudabadi

et al. 2019

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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Background: Candida vaginitis or vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is the most common mucosal infection of the female genital tract caused by different species of Candida. Despite several antifungal therapies and personal hygiene practices, VVC has remained an important public health problem affecting millions of women worldwide. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of VVC and the frequency of causative agents in women of different age groups referring to the midwifery clinics in Ahvaz, Iran, from January 2017 to March 2018. Methods: Samples were obtained from 493 women aged 15-64 years with signs and symptoms of VVC using endocervical swabs. All collected samples were cultured on CHROMagar Candida plates and incubated at 35°C for 24-72 h. Various Candida sp. were initially identified using morphologic characteristics and physiologic features, and finally confirmed with PCR-RFLP. Results: Totally 196 (39.76%) cases were diagnosed as VVC, of which nine (4.6%) were as recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. More than half of the cases were in the age group of 21-30 years. Candida albicans was the most commonly identified species (71.1%), followed by C. glabrata (20.4%) and other non-C. albicans species (8.6%). Infection in pregnant women decreased in the third trimester compared to the first and second trimesters of pregnancy. Conclusions: Vulvovaginal candidiasis is a relatively common gynecologic problem in Ahvaz. Although the frequency of non-C. albicans species in VVC has increased, C. albicans is still the predominant species.

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“…The result of this study was in agreement with other studies that reported prevalence rate of 25%, 18.5% and 19% [17,18,19]. However, in contrast to the current study, higher VVC prevalence rates were reported in Nigeria by EA Ugwa (84.5%) [20] and in India by Kalia N et al (31%) [21]. On other hand, in a study conducted by Emeribe et al [22], among population that consisted of highly educated women with good personal hygiene, a low VVC prevalence rate of 14% have been reported.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The Prevalence of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (Vvc) Among Women Suffering Vaginitis Attended a Private Gynecological Clinic, Aden-Yemen

Binsaad

Al-Abd

2021

Electron. J. Univ. Aden Basic Appl. Sci.

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The study was carried out to determine the prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis among women suffering vaginitis. This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted among 120 women between the age of 15 to 45 years (mean age 39 years), attended a private gynecological clinic in Aden with symptoms of vaginitis between January and June 2019. A questionnaire was used to obtain information on the participants’ sociodemographic data and medical history. Direct microscopic examination (10% KOH), culture on SDA, germ tube test and gram staining were used to determine the prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis and to differentiate between C.albicans and non-albicans species. Out of 120 women, 25 (20.8%) were diagnosed with vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) and 95 (79.2%) with non-candidal vaginitis. C.albicans was the most prevalent with a prevalence rate of 17.5%. Although not statistically significant, vulvovaginal candidiasis tended to be more prevalent among women with 25-34 years. No statistically significant association between the prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis and educational level and marital status. Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) was slightly high in Aden and Candida albicans was the most common causative agent of VVC. In the clinical diagnosis of VVC, both clinical criteria and microbiological tests must be used. Further study is needed to find out the prevalence of RVVC among women in the Aden governorate.

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Vulvovaginal candidiasis in Aminu Kano teaching hospital, North West Nigeria: Hospital-based epidemiological study

Cited by 16 publications

References 20 publications

Bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis and trichomonal vaginitis among reproductive-aged women seeking primary healthcare in Sana’a city, Yemen

Bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis and trichomonal vaginitis among reproductive-aged women seeking primary healthcare in Sana’a city, Yemen

Prevalence of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis in Ahvaz, Southwest Iran: A Semi-Large Scale Study

The Prevalence of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (Vvc) Among Women Suffering Vaginitis Attended a Private Gynecological Clinic, Aden-Yemen

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