VvMYB15 and VvWRKY40 Positively Co-regulated Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Grape Berries in Response to Root Restriction

Abstract

In most grapevine planting regions, especially in south of China, plenty of rainfall and high water level underground are the characteristic of the area, a series of problem during fruit ripening easily caused poor color quality. Thereby affecting fruit quality, yield and economic benefits. The accumulation of anthocyanin is regulated by transcriptional regulatory factor and a series of cultivation measures, root restriction can make plants in the environment of stress and stress relief, root restriction induced the higher expression of VvMYB15 and VvWRKY40, and consistent with anthocyanin accumulation. Whether and how root restriction-inducible VvMYB15 and VvWRKY40 transcription factor regulate anthocyanin synthesis in grape berry is still unclear. In this study, we identified that the transient overexpression of VvMYB15 and VvWRKY40 alone or both in strawberry fruits and grape berries can promote anthocyanin accumulation and increase the expression level of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes, indicating VvMYB15 and VvWRKY40 play a positive regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis. Furthermore, we confirmed that both VvMYB15 and VvWRKY40 specifically bind to the promoter region of VvF3′5′H and VvUFGT, and the expression of VvF3′5′H and VvUFGT is further activated through the heterodimer formation between VvMYB15 and VvWRKY40. Finally, we confirmed that VvMYB15 promoted anthocyanin accumulation by interacting with VvWRKY40 in grape berries, our findings provide insights into a mechanism involving the synergistic regulation of root restriction-dependent coloration and biosynthesis via a VvMYB15 and VvWRKY40 alone or both in grape berries.

Comparative transcriptome analysis of purple-fleshed sweet potato and its yellow-fleshed mutant provides insight into the transcription factors involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis in tuberous root

“…Moreover, the MYB1-bHLH2-WD40 complex and IbMYB1 could activate the promoter of IbDFR ( Figures 7B[1,2 ]). Besides the MBW complex, WRKY TFs are identified in some plants to regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis ( Li et al, 2021a ). For example, MdWRKY40, MdWRKY11, PyWRKY26, PbWRKY75, StWRKY13, and PhPH3 have been identified to promote anthocyanin accumulation ( Verweij et al, 2016 ; Wang et al, 2018 ; An et al, 2019 ; Liu et al, 2019 ; Li et al, 2020 ; Zhai et al, 2021 ; Zhang et al, 2021b ).…”

Transcriptome analysis revealed the expression levels of genes related to abscisic acid and auxin biosynthesis in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) under root restriction

“…The binding of VvGRIP55 to the promoter of the transcription factor VvMYB15 transcription factor regulates sugar accumulation and activates VvMYB15 expression, and VvMYB15 transcription factor further binds to the promoter of the sugar transport gene VvSWEET10 and activates its expression, ultimately promoting sugar accumulation in grape berries ( Li et al, 2022a ). Moreover, both RR-inducible transcription factors (VvMYB15 transcription factor and VvWRKY40 transcription factor) specifically bind to the promoter regions of VvF3′5′H and VvUFGT , confirming that VvMYB15 transcription factor and VvWRKY40 transcription factor synergistically promote anthocyanin accumulation and increase the expression levels of anthocyanin biosynthesis-related genes ( Li et al, 2022b ). Because RR mainly restricts the growth of vine roots by physical means, the change in root configuration under RR cultivation has also been the focus of research.…”

Impact of Vine Water Status on 3-Alkyl-2-methoxypyrazine Content and Function Verification of VvOMT2/VvOMT3 Genes Associated with 3-Alkyl-2-methoxypyrazine Accumulation in “Marselan” Grape Berries (Vitis vinifera L.)

“…The total anthocyanin content was determined through the differential pH method. 29 Total phenol content was evaluated using the Folin−Ciocalteau method and tannin content was analyzed using the Folin−Denis method. 3 Two hundred berries were ground into powder using liquid nitrogen and used for subsequent analysis.…”

“…TA was measured by 0.05 mol/L NaOH titration using phenolphthalein as an indicator. The total anthocyanin content was determined through the differential pH method . Total phenol content was evaluated using the Folin–Ciocalteau method and tannin content was analyzed using the Folin–Denis method .…”

“…The transient overexpression was performed by referring to our previous study. 29 The full-length CDS of VvOMT2 and VvOMT3 genes were amplified and cloned into pBWAHS-GFP vector to generate pBWAHS-VvOMT2-GFP and pBWAHS-VvOMT3-GFP constructs, respectively. The recombinant plasmid pBWAHS-VvOMT2-GFP and pBWAHS-VvOMT3-GFP were transformed into A. tumefaciens strain GV3101.…”