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Abstract

Objectives: Posttransplant anemia is associated with an increased risk of congestive heart failure, left ventricular hypertrophy, and death. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of long-acting erythropoietin-stimulating agents on anemia after kidney transplant. Materials and Methods: In 2306 kidney transplant recipients, 250 anemic patients (11%) with stable graft function were followed at the Hamed Al-Essa Organ Transplant Centre (Kuwait) and were assessed for anemia. We enrolled 120 patients into this open-label study in 2 groups: group 1 had treatment with darbepoetin alfa (86 patients) and group 2 had continuous erythropoietin receptor activator (34 patients). Results: Patient age correlated negatively with serum iron level. Serum ferritin correlated negatively with hemoglobin level 6 months after transplant but not at time of transplant. Most patients were women who received their grafts from male donors. The 2 groups were comparable in frequency of rejection and mean hemoglobin and serum albumin levels at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after transplant. There was no difference between the 2 groups in renal function (estimated glomerular filtration rate); posttransplant complications such as new-onset diabetes after transplant, hypertension, serious bacterial infections, or patient and graft outcomes. Conclusions: Anemia is an important problem after kidney transplant, and iron use is suboptimal in kidney transplant recipients. Darbepoetin alfa and continuous erythropoietin receptor activator had comparable positive results.