We deal with the Borel and difference hierarchies in the space P ω of all subsets of ω endowed with the Scott topology. (The spaces P ω and 2 ω coincide set-theoretically but differ topologically.) We look at the Wadge reducibility in P ω. The results obtained are applied to the problem of characterizing ω 1 -terms t which satisfy C = t(Σ 0 1 ) for a given Borel-Wadge class C. We give its solution for some levels of the Wadge hierarchy, in particular, all levels of the Hausdorff difference hierarchy. Finally, we come up with a discussion of some relevant facts and open questions.
PRELIMINARIESLet {Σ 0 α } α<ω1 be the Borel hierarchy of subsets in the Cantor space 2 ω ; here, ω 1 is the first noncountable ordinal. As usual, Π 0 α is a dual class for Σ 0 α and ∆ 0 α = Σ 0 α ∩ Π 0 α is the corresponding self-dual class. The class of all Borel sets is denoted by B = α<ω1 Σ 0 α . Levels of the Borel hierarchy, as well as many other classes studied within descriptive set theory, may be defined by means of suitable -generally infinitary -set-theoretic operations. We define a natural class of such operations, which we call ω 1 -terms, by induction as follows: constants 0, 1 and variables v k (k < ω) are ω 1 -terms; if t i (i < ω) are ω 1 -terms, then so are the expressionst 0 , t 0 ∪ t 1 , t 0 ∩ t 1 , i<ω t i , and i<ω t i .If t = t(v k ) is an ω 1 -term, then t({A k }) denotes the value of t whenever each variable v k (k < ω) is interpreted as some set A k ⊆ 2 ω . Let t(Σ 0 1 ) be the set of all values t({A k }), where A k ∈ Σ 0 1 for any k < ω. Similarly, we write t(C) for other kinds of terms t and classes C of sets.It turns out that classes like t(Σ 0 1 ) admit of a very natural description in terms of Wadge reducibility, which is the preorder ≤ W on the class P (2 ω ) of all subsets of 2 ω defined as follows:for some continuous function f : 2 ω → 2 ω . By a Wadge class we mean any principal ideal of the form {X | X ≤ W A}, for a given A ⊆ 2 ω . Such a class is said to be Borel if A is Borel, and we refer to it as nonTHEOREM 1.1 [1]. Any C ⊆ P (2 ω ) is a non self-dual Borel-Wadge class if and only if C = t(Σ 0 1 ) for some ω 1 -term t.The theorem follows from a relevant result in [2,3].