Wafer Chemistry and Properties for Ion Removal by Wafer Enhanced Electrodeionization

Ho, Thang; Kurup, A Ravikumar; Davis, T. W.; Hestekin, Jamie A.

doi:10.1080/01496390903526709

Cited by 26 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The porosigen added to the RW during manufacturing serves as a sacrificial component that is leached in the final processing step to yield a porous material. 13 Although the RW has a successful track record for augmenting the ionic conductivity of the diluate liquid streams and assisting in ion removal by ion-exchange, 12 at the start of this work, it was posited that the presence of the non-conductive binder in the RW limits energy efficiency gains in EDI. 14 The non-conductive binder obfuscates pathways for ion-exchange and ion transport between the solution and resin particles leading to larger ohmic drops that compromise EDI energy efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to these challenges, the loose particle bed in EDI requires routine maintenance. [11][12][13] Over the past two decades, Argonne National Laboratory 12 has addressed some of the challenges associated with EDI by substituting the packed compartment consisting of loose ionexchange resin particles with a rigid, yet porous, ion-exchange resin wafer (RW) in which the ion-exchange resin particles are immobilized. The RW constitutes a mixture of CER and AER bound by polyethylene (PE)-a thermoplastic polymer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advancing electrodeionization with conductive ionomer binders that immobilize ion-exchange resin particles into porous wafer substrates

et al. 2020

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Electrodeionization (EDI) is an electrically driven separations technology that employs ion-exchange membranes and resin particles. Deionization occurs under the influence of an applied electric field, facilitating continuous regeneration of the resins and supplementing ionic conductivity. While EDI is commercially used for ultrapure water production, material innovation is required for improving desalination performance and energy efficiency for treating alternative water supplies. This work reports a new class of ion-exchange resin-wafers (RWs) fabricated with ion-conductive binders that exhibit exceptional ionic conductivities-a 3-5-fold improvement over conventional RWs that contain a non-ionic polyethylene binder. Incorporation into an EDI stack (RW-EDI) resulted in an increased desalination rate and reduced energy expenditure compared to the conventional RWs. The water-splitting phenomenon was also investigated in the RW in an external experimental setup in this work. Overall, this work demonstrates that ohmic resistances can be substantially curtailed with ionomer binder RWs at dilute salt concentrations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancing electrodeionization with conductive ionomer binders that immobilize ion-exchange resin particles into porous wafer substrates

et al. 2020

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“…As a result, the electrical resistance in the diluate chamber is often the dominant restriction [24,25]. Therefore, the focus of this research is to provide a working solution to limited ion diffusion and energy production by applying principles of electrodeionization (EDI) [26][27][28] in hopes of reducing the shadow spacer effect and increasing the overall current density.…”

Section: Reverse Electrodialysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of the shadow spacer effect using reverse electrodeionization and its applications in water recycling for hydraulic fracturing operations

Lopez¹,

Dunsworth²,

Hestekin³

2016

Separation and Purification Technology

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Reverse electrodialysis (RED) is an electrically driven process for the extraction of usable energy from the Gibbs free energy of mixing. Past research efforts have focused on the improvement of power density through higher voltages, large cell numbers, and overall reduction of stack resistance, yet the process remains far from optimized. One of the principal problems is the shadow spacer effect where limited conductivity near the spacer decreases the amount of electrical transport. We have improved this technology by incorporating ion exchange wafers in each cell, shortening the diffusion pathways, limiting the shadow spacer effect, and obtaining net power densities of approximately 0.32 W/m 2 for reverse electrodeionization (REDI) compared to 0.01 W/m 2 for the RED case. Further, we have found that applying voltage to the system gives an increase in the overall power extraction efficiency due to wafer optimization and the non-ohmic behavior at low voltages. This is the first study incorporating electrodeionization techniques in RED systems. We also investigated the use of REDI in hydraulic fracturing and obtained a net power density of approximately 0.79 W/m 2 using produced water. This technology could be utilized for processing of produced water from hydraulic fracturing operations to provide some of the power used at the well site (when mixing with fresh water for re-fracking) with no greenhouse gas emissions. Using REDI at fracking sites, an industrial process that has been mired by environmental concerns can take positive steps toward developing and adopting sustainable practices.

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“…Arora et al and others developed methods for creating ion exchange wafers from resins [22,28,29]. These wafers can be used to enhance electrical conductivity in solutions similar to EDI processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…This occurs through the use of ion exchange resins within solution compartments that enhance solution conductivity and ion transport. Through EDI, ion removal can progress well beyond the limiting current density found in ED and high recovery of ionic products can be obtained [20,22]. Examples of EDI's use in industry are through metal contamination removal from wastewater, fermentation product recovery and contaminant removal, CO 2 capture, and the development of ultrapure water for electronics and pharmaceutical manufacturing [21,[23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Improved organic acid purification through wafer enhanced electrodeionization utilizing ionic liquids

Lopez¹,

Hestekin²

2015

Journal of Membrane Science

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Wafer Chemistry and Properties for Ion Removal by Wafer Enhanced Electrodeionization

Cited by 26 publications

References 24 publications

Advancing electrodeionization with conductive ionomer binders that immobilize ion-exchange resin particles into porous wafer substrates

Advancing electrodeionization with conductive ionomer binders that immobilize ion-exchange resin particles into porous wafer substrates

Reduction of the shadow spacer effect using reverse electrodeionization and its applications in water recycling for hydraulic fracturing operations

Improved organic acid purification through wafer enhanced electrodeionization utilizing ionic liquids

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