2014
DOI: 10.3390/mi5020325
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Wafer-Level Hybrid Integration of Complex Micro-Optical Modules

Abstract: A series of technological steps concentrating around photolithography and UV polymer on glass replication in a mask-aligner that allow for the cost-effective generation of rather complex micro-optical systems on the wafer level are discussed. In this approach, optical functional surfaces are aligned to each other and stacked on top of each other at a desired axial distance. They can consist of lenses, achromatic doublets, regular or chirped lens arrays, diffractive elements, apertures, filter structures, refle… Show more

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Cited by 30 publications
(12 citation statements)
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“…Second, the master for the slide structure is manufactured and the slide layer is composed of lithographically patterned and wet-etched chromium 3,4 .…”
Section: Fabricationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Second, the master for the slide structure is manufactured and the slide layer is composed of lithographically patterned and wet-etched chromium 3,4 .…”
Section: Fabricationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This can realize wedge errors in the range of 2-6 lm (4 00 wafer) and an absolute gap precision in the range of some micrometers. Focusing on imprint [114] instead of proximity lithography, a commercial mask aligner with real-time gap measurement and piezo actuators for substrate leveling has been introduced in 2007 by Suss MicroTec [115,116]. This tool is equipped with ruler-based length gauges between mask holder and chuck which are calibrated during the mechanical three-point spacer balancing to monitor the mask to substrate separation.…”
Section: Wedge Error Compensationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…An example of the trend towards miniaturization and hybridization is the lithographic fabrication of micro-lens arrays for multi-spot illumination or multi-aperture detectors. Photoresist reflow method is employed to create micro-lenses with a subsequent laser writing step used to inscribe a di↵ractive phase correction element [4]. Such hybridization is pursued either to circumvent limitations in fabrication method, as in the aforementioned example, or when additional flexibility is required for specific fields.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%