Wage Discrimination Based on the Country of Birth: Do Tenure and Product Market Competition Matter?

Moving Up the Social Ladder? Wages of First- and Second-Generation Immigrants from Developing Countries

“…adjusted wage gaps for F-G immigrants born in developing countries also vary according to geographical origin, being 1.5% for those born in Latin America and the Caribbean, 1.8% for those born in the Near and Middle East, 2.3% for those born in emerging and developing Asia, 2.4% for those born in non-EU Eastern Europe, 2.9% for those born in Sub-Saharan Africa, and 3.6% for those born in the Maghreb. These estimates go in the same direction as those ofFays et al (2021) andKampelmann et Rycx (2016) for Belgium, which show that even after controlling for a large number of covariates, F-G immigrants born in developing countries, especially those originating from the Maghreb and Sub-Saharan Africa, still experience sizeable wage disadvantages (i.e. poor earnings outcomes and wage discrimination).…”

Does Over-Education Raise Productivity and Wages Equally? The Moderating Role of Workers' Origin and Immigrants' Background

“…Brinbaum, 2018;Piton and Rycx, 2021) and are found to be paid less than their native counterparts, even when differences in productive characteristics are taken into account (e.g. Chiswick, 1978;Borjas, 1985;Sanromá et al, 2015a;Kampelmann and Rycx, 2016;Basilio et al, 2017;Fays et al, 2021). Numerous studies have also focused on the integration of these immigrants' children (i.e.…”

“…Across Europe, we can indeed distinguish two groups of immigrants: on the one hand, people originating from developed countries, whose employment rate and earnings are very close to those of natives in all countries; and, on the other hand, immigrants originating from developing countries, whose access to employment is much more problematic and whose earnings are significantly lower on average. Belgium is no exception in this respect (FPS Employment and Unia, 2017;Fays et al, 2021;Jacobs et al, 2021). Accordingly, immigrants are classified according to whether they originate from a developed or a developing country, based on the their region of birth and that of their parents.…”