WAIS-R Factor Structure in Alzheimer's Disease Patients: A Comparison of Alternative Models and an Assessment of Their Generalizability.

Davis, Robert N.; Massman, Paul J.; Doody, Rachelle S.

doi:10.1037/0882-7974.18.4.836

Cited by 13 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…23,24 The added complexity of the hybrid model accounted for more variance in the data and left less unexplained variance in the residual. This hybrid model resolves the conflicting results present in the literature [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] and eliminates the necessity of allowing different factor structures for people with and without AD.…”

Section: Comparison Of Individuals With Vs Without Dementiamentioning

confidence: 76%

“…These results converge with the hypothesis that the AD process is multifactorial and may have differential effects varying by individual as well as the stage of the disease. [7][8][9] This heterogeneity suggests that within the observed overall cognitive decline in AD there may exist discrete decrement profiles that mask one another when measured together. In addition to increased variance in the specific cognitive domains in AD, there was also a changed pattern of covariance between cognitive domains.…”

Section: Comparison Of Individuals With Vs Without Dementiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[7][8][9] Two CFA studies have compared individuals with and without dementia. One report concluded a general factor was sufficient for people with and without dementia, 10 while the other reported a multifactor fit for the two groups.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Cognitive profiles in dementia

Johnson¹,

Storandt²,

Morris³

et al. 2008

Neurology

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Objective: To re-examine proposed models of cognitive test performance that concluded separate factor structures were required for people with Alzheimer disease (AD) and older adults without dementia.Methods: Five models of cognitive test performance were compared using multistep confirmatory factor analysis in 115 individuals with autopsy-confirmed AD and 191 research participants without clinical dementia from longitudinal studies at the Washington University AD Research Center. The models were then cross-validated using independent samples of 323 people with clinically diagnosed dementia of the Alzheimer type and 212 cognitively healthy older adults. Results:After controlling for Alzheimer-specific changes in episodic memory, performance on the battery of tests used here was best represented in people both with and without dementia by a single model of one general factor and three specific factors (verbal memory, visuospatial ability, and working memory). Performance by people with dementia was lower on the general factor than it was by those without dementia. Larger variances associated with the specific factors in the group with dementia indicated greater individual differences in the pattern of cognitive deficits in the stage of AD.Conclusions: A hybrid model of general and specific cognitive domains simplifies cognitive research by allowing direct comparison of normal aging and Alzheimer disease performance. The presence of a general factor maximizes detection of the dementia, whereas the specific factors reveal the heterogeneity of dementia's associated cognitive deficits. Neurology We previously reported that cognitive test performance in individuals with and without dementia is best characterized by two distinct factor structures: a single general factor for individuals without dementia compared with three orthogonal factors representing verbal memory, visuospatial, and working memory in dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT).1 Other reports using similar exploratory techniques report separate factors (indicating that DAT affects different aspects of cognition independently 2-4 ), or a global deficit that produces a single general factor. 5,6 This discrepancy makes it difficult to know how best to compare and contrast decrements in cognitive performance between different patient populations.Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) provides the ability to test competing models (i.e., general vs multiple factors) either within a single population or across multiple populations.

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Section: Comparison Of Individuals With Vs Without Dementiamentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Comparison Of Individuals With Vs Without Dementiamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cognitive profiles in dementia

Johnson¹,

Storandt²,

Morris³

et al. 2008

Neurology

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“…One recent study that examined the factor structure of the WAIS-R in AD patients (Davis, Massman & Doody, 2003) revealed three factors: Verbal Comprehension (Comprehension, Information, Similarities, Vocabulary), Perceptual Organization (Block Design, Digit Symbol Substitution, Object Assembly, Picture Arrangement, Picture Completion) and Freedom from Distractibility (Arithmetic, Digit Span). This structure is similar to that observed in healthy older adults (Burton, Ryan, Paolo & Mittenberg, 1994), which implies that the WAIS, despite not being a useful indicator of AD, is applicable in various clinical populations as an assessment of general intelligence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinguishing between Vascular Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease by Means of the WAIS: A Meta-analysis

Oosterman

Scherder

2006

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology

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“…However, an important step prior to using composite measures is to establish the validity of the underlying hypothesized factor structure of the cognitive data. Numerous studies have examined the latent factor structure of psychometric batteries in older adult and AD samples using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) (e.g., Davis, Massman, & Doody, 2003; Dowling, Hermann, La Rue, & Sager, 2010; Johnson, Storandt, Morris, Langford, & Galvin, 2008; Hayden et al, 2011; Loewenstein et al, 2001; Mitchell, Shaughnessy, Shirk, Yang, & Atri, 2012; Moleiro et al, 2013; Mungas, Widaman, Reed, & Tomaszewski Farias, 2011; Park et al, 2012; Robbins et al, 1994; Siedlecki, Honig, & Stern, 2008). Many of these investigations were designed to assess a local center’s test battery (Dowling et al, 2010; Johnson et al, 2008; Mitchell et al, 2012; Siedlecki et al, 2008), a multi-center battery (Hayden et al, 2011; Moleiro et al, 2013; Park et al, 2012), or a commonly used battery (Davis et al, 2003; Mungas et al, 2011; Robbins et al, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Latent structure of cognitive performance in the adult children study

Head

Allison

Lucena

et al. 2016

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology

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Objective The Adult Children Study (ACS) at the Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center is a longitudinal investigation designed to identify and validate potential biomarkers of preclinical Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in cognitively normal individuals with and without a family history of AD. The purpose of the current study was to validate the proposed latent structure of the ACS psychometric battery. Method Confirmatory factor analyses of baseline data in a sample of 229 (75 men) cognitively normal middle-aged to older adult individuals assessed a hypothesized 4-factor model of cognitive performance. Measurement invariance was investigated as a function of family history of AD and APOE status. Results This study confirmed a priori hypotheses of 4 latent cognitive domains in a unique longitudinal sample of cognitively normal adults. In addition, there was evidence of a similar factor structure for family history and APOE status groups. Conclusion These robust indicators of a broad range of cognitive domains will be used in future investigations to track the influence of family history of AD on cognitive performance over time. In addition, associations with fluid, structural, and molecular biomarkers of preclinical AD will be further examined, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally in this sample.

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WAIS-R Factor Structure in Alzheimer's Disease Patients: A Comparison of Alternative Models and an Assessment of Their Generalizability.

Cited by 13 publications

References 55 publications

Cognitive profiles in dementia

Cognitive profiles in dementia

Distinguishing between Vascular Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease by Means of the WAIS: A Meta-analysis

Latent structure of cognitive performance in the adult children study

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