Waist circumference as a measurement of obesity in the Netherlands Antilles; associations with hypertension and diabetes mellitus

Grievink, Linda; Alberts, J.F.; O’Niel, J; Gerstenbluth, Izzy

doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601944

Cited by 37 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…These results are in accordance with studies showing that increased body mass contributes to hypertension [32,33]. Also it is established that increased weight and body fat composition is associated with non-communicable diseases, particularly CVD and diabetes [34]. Such association is also reported in the present study, as the prevalence of all metabolic syndrome components namely hypercholesterolemia, hypertriacylglycerolemia, hyperglycemia, diabetes and central obesity as well as the prevalence of metabolic syndrome, were higher in hypertensive than in normotensive women.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 95%

High blood pressure in urban Moroccan women from an agricultural region

Mbarki

Ayachi

Lairon

et al. 2010

Mediterr J Nutr Metab

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The aim of this study is to examine the associated risk factors of hypertension and the relationship between blood pressure and obesity determined by different anthropometric measurements in a population of urban adult women of Morocco. The study was conducted in an agricultural community, El Jadida province of Morocco. Body weight, height, waist (WC) and hip circumferences, blood pressure, fasting capillary blood glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol were measured in a sample of 213 women volunteers (18-55 years old). Body mass index (BMI), and waist/hip ratio (WHR) were determined. High blood pressure was detected in 35.8% of women. All hypertensive women were at high risk of hyperglycemia (22.4% were hyperglycemic, among which 17.6% were diabetic), hypertriglyceridemia (10.7%), hypercholesterolemia (14.5%) and metabolic syndrome (18.4%). Only 6.6% of the women practice physical activity and 23.6% had no education level. Bivariate correlation showed a positive association between age and obesity. In the same way blood pressure was also positively associated with obesity, age, WC, WHR, fasting plasma glucose and triacylglycerols. The results show a high prevalence of obesity associated with increased prevalence of hypertension (HT). The study data reinforce the need to increase detection and treatment of hypertension and to approach patients' global risk profiles. It is also suggested that the simultaneous interpretation of anthropometric measurements could be used as screening tool for the identification of HT.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 95%

High blood pressure in urban Moroccan women from an agricultural region

Mbarki

Ayachi

Lairon

et al. 2010

Mediterr J Nutr Metab

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“…In this study, we found that waist gain is associated with most MetS parameters, mainly with high levels of TGs and reduced levels of HDL-C and increased BP, as markedly observed in the literature (Carr et al, 2004;Grievink et al, 2004;Chuang et al, 2006;Menke et al, 2007;Hirani et al, 2008). On the other hand, in this study, entering FBS as a variable into analysis did not show any significant relationship with waist gain in both genders, as observed in some studies (Palaniappan et al, 2004;Stolk et al, 2005), possibly indicating a lower interference of waist gain in increases in FBS; however, some other studies showed inconsistent results (Nyamdorj et al, 2009;Sone et al, 2009).…”

supporting

confidence: 61%

Effect of changes in waist circumference on metabolic syndrome over a 6.6-year follow-up in Tehran

et al. 2010

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Background/Objectives: This cohort study was conducted to evaluate the effect of waist change on metabolic syndrome (MetS) status and its parameters in 5720 participants, aged X20 years, of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study who were followed up for a mean of 6.6 years. Subjects/Methods: We measured waist circumference (WC) and MetS parameters at baseline (phase I: 1999) and at follow-up (phase III: 2008), and assessed this relationship across five groups: waist loss (oÀ2.0 cm); waist stable (À2.0 to 2.9 cm); mild (3.0-5.9 cm); moderate (6.0-8.9 cm) and large (X9.0 cm) waist gain. MetS was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria. Results: In phase I, the mean (s.d.) waist gain was 88.8 cm (11.7). Between phases I and III, the mean (s.d.) waist gain was 5 cm (7.9). There was 16% (95% confidence interval (95% CI): 13.6-18.4) age-adjusted incident MetS and for every centimeter of WC gained over 6.6 years, the risk of MetS increased by 10% (odds ratio (OR) 1.10; 95% CI: 1.09-1.12). Compared with a stable WC in both genders, ORs for MetS for different waist gain groups were as follows: mild (OR 2.3, 95% CI: 1.7-3.2); moderate (OR 3.5, 95% CI: 2.6-4.7) and large (OR 5.8, 95% CI: 4.5-7.6). Waist loss had a protective effect on MetS (OR 0.6, 95% CI: 0.4-0.9). Waist gain showed a detrimental effect on all parameters of MetS in both genders, except for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and fasting blood sugar in women. Conclusions: Waist gain, even mild, was a risk factor of the development of MetS and its parameters. Intervention for reducing WC could be an effective strategy to decrease incident MetS.

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“…Major indicators in this context are abdominal circumference 7,22 -which would provide a measure especially of visceral fat -and the body mass index (BMI), obtained by dividing weight in kilograms by the square of height in meters, which would refl ect the proportion of adipose tissue in the total body mass, regardless of localization. 2,4,11 Studies attempting to compare the associations with BMI and abdominal circumference have arrived at confl icting conclusions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importância relativa do Índice de Massa Corporal e da circunferência abdominal na predição da hipertensão arterial

Sarno

Monteiro

2007

Rev. Saúde Pública

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OBJECTIVE:To assess the relative importance of Body Mass Index (BMI) and waist circumference for the determination of hypertension in adults. METHODS:Cross sectional analysis of a sample of employees (N=1,584), aged 18 to 64 years, from a private general hospital in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Data collection included the application of a structured questionnaire and blood pressure, weight, high, and waist circumference measurements. Hypertension was defi ned as blood pressure levels ≥ 140/90 mmHg or reported use of anti-hypertensive medication. The relative importance of BMI and waist circumference was evaluated by calculating the attributable fraction of hypertension corresponding to each anthropometric indicator, employing both the usual cut-off points as well as cut-off points based on the observed distribution of the indicator in the population. In addition, an indicator combining simultaneously BMI and abdominal circumference values was also developed. RESULTS:Prevalence of hypertension was 18.9% (26.9% in men and 12.5% in women). In men, the fraction of hypertension attributable to BMI exceeded the fraction attributable to waist circumference based on the usual cut-off points for the indicators (56% vs. 48%, respectively) and also considering the quartiles of the observed distribution for these indicators (73% vs. 69%, respectively). In women, the fraction of hypertension attributable to waist circumference was slightly higher than the fraction attributable to BMI based on the usual cut off points for both indicators (44% vs. 41%), but the reverse was true when quartiles of the observed distribution were used (41% vs. 57%, respectively). In women only, the fraction of hypertension attributable to the indicator combining BMI and waist circumference (64%) was higher that observed using each indicator alone. CONCLUSIONS:Both BMI and abdominal circumference were positively and independently associated with the occurrence of arterial hypertension, the infl uence of BMI being higher among men.

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Waist circumference as a measurement of obesity in the Netherlands Antilles; associations with hypertension and diabetes mellitus

Cited by 37 publications

References 21 publications

High blood pressure in urban Moroccan women from an agricultural region

High blood pressure in urban Moroccan women from an agricultural region

Effect of changes in waist circumference on metabolic syndrome over a 6.6-year follow-up in Tehran

Importância relativa do Índice de Massa Corporal e da circunferência abdominal na predição da hipertensão arterial

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