Wake Volume Characteristics Considering Artificial Reef Canyon Intervals Constructed by Flatly Distributed Artificial Reef Set

Abstract

Considering the artificial reef (AR) canyon intervals facilitated by flatly distributed placement models, the wake volumes of 25 AR

Efficiency Index Diagram for Wake Region Evaluation of Artificial Reefs Facilitated for Marine Forest Creation

“…The EbFVM has been used widely as a computational fluid dynamic tool for flow analyses of automobiles, subsea pipes, artificial reefs, and other structures (Marcondes and Sepehrnoori, 2010;Woo et al, 2014;Jung et al, 2016;Kim et al, 2014aKim et al, , 2014bKim et al, , 2016aKim et al, , 2016b because this tool allows powerful mesh generation and wake volume adaptation. The method discretizes the analysis domain into sub-regions, and the governing equation is converted into algebraic equation and then iteratively applied to find a solution (Finnegan and Goggins, 2012).…”

Wake Region Estimates of Artificial Reefs in Vietnam: Effects of Tropical Seawater Temperatures and Seasonal Water Flow Variation

“…Considering the tropical monsoon climate, a relatively small variation in temperatures and large fluctuation in sea currents occur. The annual average temperature is 26 °C, and it ranges and/or transverse interval (h 2 ), which are denoted by artificial reef canyons [42]. Table 1.…”

“…Beyond the change in seawater temperature, the impact of changing flow direction (0°, 15°, 30°, 45°) was also considered to estimate the effect on wake volume. In contrast, the water flow velocity was fixed at 1 m s −1 primarily because the variation of water velocities (e.g., 0.5 to 8 m s −1 ) does not greatly affect wake volume size, according to Kim et al [19] and Jung et al [42]. As the temperature increases, the space between water molecules increases, thus the density decreases.…”

“…When ocean currents pass through reefs, the flow field around a reef interferes with the others. Moreover, the flow field is dependent on the flow direction over the reef [56], and accordingly, it is important to consider the effects of seasonal flow directions on the wake region [42]. To investigate the variation in the wake volume of the target AR sets, we considered four flow directions: 0 As shown in Table 3 • , respectively, and the average wake volume was 7.02 m 3 .…”

“…A 5 × 5 flatly distributed placement model, established by adjusting the longitudinal interval (ℎ ) and/or transverse interval (ℎ ), which are denoted by artificial reef canyons[42].…”