Waking and dreaming: Related but structurally independent. Dream reports of congenitally paraplegic and deaf-mute persons

Voss, Ursula; Tuin, Inka; Schermelleh-Engel, Karin; Hobson, Allan

doi:10.1016/j.concog.2010.10.020

Cited by 42 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…A recent study tested this hypothesis in both congenitally paraplegic and deaf-mute persons and matched controls. Surprisingly, perceptual representations, even of modalities not experienced during wakefulness, were quite common in dream reports not only in the control persons but also in the handicapped subjects (Voss et al, 2011). These interesting results give support to a protoconsciousness theory of REM sleep dreaming state that was recently forwarded by Hobson (2009).…”

Section: Sleep and Psychological Functionssupporting

confidence: 73%

The Memory, Cognitive and PsychologicalFunctions of Sleep: Update from Electroencephalographic and Neuroimaging Studies

Kirov¹,

Brand²

2012

Neuroimaging - Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience

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Section: Sleep and Psychological Functionssupporting

confidence: 73%

The Memory, Cognitive and PsychologicalFunctions of Sleep: Update from Electroencephalographic and Neuroimaging Studies

Kirov¹,

Brand²

2012

Neuroimaging - Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience

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“…Furthermore, individuals who have experienced a trauma can be differentiated from control individuals on the basis of dream reports (Hartmann et al, 2001a,b; Kuiken et al, 2008). Although there are caveats here, of dreams being generic (Hobson and Kahn, 2007), and of studies in which individuals with prominent waking life characteristics cannot be distinguished from controls on the basis of dream reports (paraplegia and deaf-mutes, in Voss et al, 2011; blindness, in Staunton and O'Rouke, 2012), overall the findings are of dream content being linked to waking life experience. Whether the manner of representation of waking life in dreams allows for creative insight about waking life is then the question to be addressed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Dreaming and insight

et al. 2013

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This paper addresses claims that dreams can be a source of personal insight. Whereas there has been anecdotal backing for such claims, there is now tangential support from findings of the facilitative effect of sleep on cognitive insight, and of REM sleep in particular on emotional memory consolidation. Furthermore, the presence in dreams of metaphorical representations of waking life indicates the possibility of novel insight as an emergent feature of such metaphorical mappings. In order to assess whether personal insight can occur as a result of the consideration of dream content, 11 dream group discussion sessions were conducted which followed the Ullman Dream Appreciation technique, one session for each of 11 participants (10 females, 1 male; mean age = 19.2 years). Self-ratings of deepened self-perception and personal gains from participation in the group sessions showed that the Ullman technique is an effective procedure for establishing connections between dream content and recent waking life experiences, although wake life sources were found for only 14% of dream report text. The mean Exploration-Insight score on the Gains from Dream Interpretation questionnaire was very high and comparable to outcomes from the well-established Hill (1996) therapist-led dream interpretation method. This score was associated between-subjects with pre-group positive Attitude Toward Dreams (ATD). The need to distinguish “aha” experiences as a result of discovering a waking life source for part of a dream, from “aha” experiences of personal insight as a result of considering dream content, is discussed. Difficulties are described in designing a control condition to which the dream report condition can be compared.

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“…Certainly, formal analysis of written reports considers more information, but is less reliable than content analysis (Voss et al, 2011), and also requires independent judge agreement (Hall and Van de Castle, 1966). Alternatively, the IAPS method allows the control of the selection of emotional stimuli and facilitates the comparison and replication of results across different studies (Lang et al, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bizarreness and Emotion Identification in Grete Stern Photomontages: Gender and Age Disparities

et al. 2017

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Although the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) is used to evaluate emotions (valence, arousal, and dominance evoked by a large set of photographs), bizarre images in works of art have not been assessed with the IAPS procedures. Understood here as strange, non-sense, and absurd mental contents or expressions accompanied by surprise and confusion emotions, bizarreness was assessed after healthy adult volunteers assigned this specified variable to 140 Grete Stern's photomontages overtly intended to illustrate strange, absurd, and non-sensical contents in dream reports. The images were presented to 21 Young Males (YM) and 30 Young Females (YF) who were instructed to use the IAPS Self-Assessment Manikin, along with an additional bizarre-to-normal scale, to evaluate their response to them. The valence and the bizarre-to-normal ratings showed a dissimilar pattern of distribution between genders. Ratings of scales were different, and a greater variation in scales occurred according to gender. When bizarreness was appraised, gender differences became more evident especially for YF, who rated half of the images as bizarre, and with a diminished feeling of control, while the neutral and normal images were deemed more pleased and controlled. Valence, bizarreness, and dominance formed a different component than arousal in both groups. Negative correlations between valence and dominance, and between valence and bizarreness were also found in both groups, plus a positive one for dominance and bizarreness in YF, along with curvilinear relationships among all scales. On a second experiment, 10 photomontages evaluated by YF as bizarre or as normal were administered to 18 Old Males (OM) and 28 Old Females (OF). OF's arousal showed less neutral evaluations than OM's. In OF the bizarre images evoked either more excitation or calmness than in OM. The distribution of the bizarre-to-normal scale was significantly different across the evaluations in YM, YF, OM, and OF. The use of this extended IAPS instrument to explore bizarreness and emotional variables in response to art images seems suitable and potentially valuable to characterize bizarre, absurd, or non-sensical mental states and their brain correlates.

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Waking and dreaming: Related but structurally independent. Dream reports of congenitally paraplegic and deaf-mute persons

Cited by 42 publications

References 19 publications

The Memory, Cognitive and PsychologicalFunctions of Sleep: Update from Electroencephalographic and Neuroimaging Studies

The Memory, Cognitive and PsychologicalFunctions of Sleep: Update from Electroencephalographic and Neuroimaging Studies

Dreaming and insight

Bizarreness and Emotion Identification in Grete Stern Photomontages: Gender and Age Disparities

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