Walking and finger tapping can be done with independent rhythms

Abstract

Rhythmic movements occur in many aspects of daily life. Examples include clapping the hands and walking. The production of two independent rhythms with multiple limbs is considered to be extremely difficult. In the present study we evaluated whether two different, independent rhythms that involved finger tapping and walking could be produced. In Experiment I, twenty subjects that had no experience of musical instrument training performed rhythmic finger tapping with the right index finger and one of four different lower limb movements; (1) self-paced walking, (2) given-paced walking, (3) alternative bilateral heel tapping from a sitting position, and (4) unilateral heel tapping with the leg ipsilateral to the tapping finger from a sitting position. The target intervals of finger tapping and heel strikes for walking step/heel tapping were set at 375 ms and 600 ms, respectively. The even distribution of relative phases between instantaneous finger tapping and heel strike was taken as the criteria of independency for the two rhythms. In the self-paced walking and given-paced walking tasks, 16 out of 20 subjects successfully performed finger tapping and walking with independent rhythms without any special practice. On the other hand, in the bipedal heels striking and unipedal heel striking tasks 19 subjects failed to perform the two movements independently, falling into interrelated rhythms with the ratio mostly being 2:1. In Experiment II, a similar independency of finger tapping and walking at a given pace was observed for heel strike intervals of 400, 600, and 800 ms, as well as at the constant 375 ms for finger tapping. These results suggest that finger tapping and walking are controlled by separate neural control mechanisms, presumably with a supra-spinal locus for finger tapping, and a spinal location for walking.

Towards an Understanding of Control of Complex Rhythmical ‘Wavelike’ Coordination in Humans

“…This decoupling was interpreted as being functional, that is, to enable the drum beat rhythm to be maintained. Additional evidence for decoupling of rhythmical upper limb actions from other body movement rhythms emerged from the study of Qi et al [48] in which nonmusicians performed rhythmic finger tapping in combination with self-paced walking, given-paced walking, alternative bilateral heel tapping, and heel tapping with one foot ipsilateral to the tapping Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 24 February 2020 doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0340.v1…”

Towards an Understanding of Control of Complex Rhythmical “Wavelike” Coordination in Humans

“…This decoupling was interpreted as being functional, that is, to enable the drum beat rhythm to be maintained. Additional evidence for decoupling of rhythmical upper limb actions from other body movement rhythms emerged from the study of Qi et al [37] in which non-musicians performed rhythmic finger tapping in combination with self-paced walking, given-paced walking, alternative bilateral heel tapping, and heel tapping with one foot ipsilateral to the tapping finger. It was found that the walking conditions were independent of the finger tapping, but the heel tapping was not.…”

The effect of experience in movement coordination with music on polyrhythmic production: Comparison between artistic swimmers and water polo players during eggbeater kick performance

“…The introduction of a rhythmic beat induces synchronization of human movements with the beats [ 13 , 15 , 32 , 33 ], and rhythmic body motions are thus modified through the interaction with the external environment, tending towards entrainment [ 34 ]. To prevent this entrainment, one limb must move in an automatic mode by utilizing central pattern generators (CPGs), which are neural circuits producing rhythmic motor movements, such as, walking and swimming, to produce rhythmic movements, whereas the other limb movements are processed through brain activities [ 34 , 35 ].…”