Walking Recovery After an Acute Stroke: Assessment With a New Functional Classification and the Barthel Index

A Pilot Study of Randomized Clinical Controlled Trial of Gait Training in Subacute Stroke Patients With Partial Body-Weight Support Electromechanical Gait Trainer and Functional Electrical Stimulation

“…GT Group (n=17) 30 nerve in the paretic side was stimulated during the swing phase to elicit ankle dorsiflexion and knee flexion. This training procedure had been used previously in a case study.…”

Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) Applied for Gait Classification and Physiotherapy Monitoring in Post Stroke Patients

“…This result was compatible with the report of Nakayama et al (1994), although Allen (1984) reported that patients with intracerebral hemorrhage have a worse outcome in the acute stage. Some studies reported there was no link between walking recovery and the hemiplegic side (Viosca et al, 2005, Laufer et al, 2003, Chen et al, 2000 while other studies found such association (Kwolek & Spławiński 1996, Mcciocchi et al, 1998. The reason for the disparity of findings may lie in the application of only one parameter describing stroke in the analysis.…”

“…Studies mostly evaluated the association of only one parameter of brain lesion with motor and functional outcomes after stroke. While several studies have suggested that brain lesion parameters correlate with final outcomes (Bear & Smith 2001;Dominkus et al, 1990;Alexander et al, 2009;Laufer et al, 2003;Pérennou et al, 1999;Turney et al, 1984;Kwolek & Spławiński 1996), other studies have found no such association (Chen et al, 2003;Viosca et al, 2005;Binkofski et al, 2001;Nakayama et al, 1994;Chae et al, 2000). The reason for this controversy might be that outcomes actually correlate with some combination of brain lesion factors together, rather than individually.…”

“…Elucidating this relationship could enhance our understanding of the neural circuitry involved in locomotion and could have important clinical implications, underscoring the need to prioritize gait retraining for patients in the early stages after stroke. In view of this need for early rehabilitation, many studies (Jørgensen et al, 1995;Viosca et al, 2005;Dominkus et al, 1990) have discussed the association between motor recovery and the most predictive factors that can be identified. However, none of these authors attempted to identify any link between CT scan parameters and the characteristic gait patterns seen in post-stroke patients -as we have explored in the work described below.…”

Intra- and Inter-Rater Reliability of the Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test in Individuals with Stroke

“…Individuals that could not follow the test instructions or had impaired balance due to other diagnosis were not included. In order to enable assessment of all available scores on the MiniBESTest, the participants were strategically selected based on their functional ambulation level as classified by the Functional Ambulation Classification of the Hospital of Sagunto (FACHS) [17,18]. The FACHS, developed for individuals with stroke, categorize the patients into 6 groups: level 0-1; inability to walk or requiring person assistance of 1 to walk, level 2; ability to ambulate within the household, level 3; ambulation in surroundings of the house and neighbourhood, level 4; independent community ambulation and level 5; normal ambulation [17].…”