Walking together: behavioural signatures of psychological crowds

Templeton, Anne; Drury, John; Philippides, Andrew

doi:10.1098/rsos.180172

Cited by 54 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Most often, pushing forward is named as a strategy (131), followed by filling gaps (57), choosing the right or left side or middle as the preferred pathway (46) and standing at the front at the beginning (37). The following reasons for not being able to influence the entrance procedure were given: no room for manoeuvre (100), an initial position at the back (30), being too weak (16), consideration for others (9).…”

Section: What Strategies Did You Use For Accessing Faster/why Could Ymentioning

confidence: 99%

Crowds in front of bottlenecks at entrances from the perspective of physics and social psychology

Adrian

Seyfried

Sieben

2020

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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This article presents an interdisciplinary study of physical and social psychological effects on crowd dynamics based on a series of bottleneck experiments. Bottlenecks are of particular interest for applications such as crowd management and design of emergency routes because they limit the performance of a facility. In addition to previous work on the dynamics within the bottleneck, this study focuses on the dynamics in front of the bottleneck, more specifically, at entrances. The experimental set-up simulates an entrance scenario to a concert consisting of an entrance gate (serving as bottleneck) and a corridor formed by barriers. The parameters examined are the corridor width, degree of motivation and priming of the social norm of queuing. The analysis is based on head trajectories and questionnaires. We show that the density of persons per square metre depends on motivation and also increases continuously with increasing corridor width, meaning that a density reduction can be achieved by a reduction of space. In comparison to other corridor widths observed, the narrowest corridor is rated as being fairer, more comfortable and as showing less unfair behaviour. Pushing behaviour is seen as ambivalent: it is rated as unfair and listed as a strategy for faster access.

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Section: What Strategies Did You Use For Accessing Faster/why Could Ymentioning

confidence: 99%

Crowds in front of bottlenecks at entrances from the perspective of physics and social psychology

Adrian

Seyfried

Sieben

2020

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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“…Although this was outside our scope of investigation, it is important to note the existence of a research stream that also investigates the occurrence of such effects, under the perspective of social identity theory (e.g., Drury & Reicher, , , ; Hopkins et al, ; Reicher, ; Templeton, Drury, & Philippides, ). This stream is well established and has provided major contributions to the study of collective gatherings.…”

Section: Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…theory (e.g., Drury & Reicher, 1999, 2005, 2009Hopkins et al, 2016;Reicher, 2017;Templeton, Drury, & Philippides, 2018). This stream is well established and has provided major contributions to the study of collective gatherings.…”

Section: Per S Pec Tive Smentioning

confidence: 99%

The virtues of collective gatherings: A study on the positive effects of a major scouting event

Bouchat

Rimé

Eycken

et al. 2019

J Applied Social Pyschol

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The present study addresses, in a highly ecological setting, the short‐ and long‐term psychosocial consequences of participation in a major scouting event. Using a quasi‐longitudinal design comprising three measures taken over two‐and‐a‐half months (i.e., baseline level; within the 24 hr following the event; 10 weeks after the gathering), we show that participation in this collective gathering was followed by a series of positive effects at the psychosocial level. More precisely, we noticed an increase in the scout's levels of social integration, and individual and social well‐being after their participation in the gathering. Further, in line with a central tenet of the neo‐Durkheimian model of collective processes, the results stress the key role of perceived emotional synchrony in the prediction of the outcomes. Higher perceived emotional synchrony during the gathering was associated with stronger in‐group identification, identity fusion, pride, openness to experience, self‐esteem, positive affects, and adhesion to specific scouting values. Finally, we found that the effects of participation lasted more than a few days and were predicted by the level of perceived emotional synchrony. These findings are the first to show that positive effects of participation in a collective event last for at least ten weeks.

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“…Crucially, they do not include macro-level social influences on behaviour and so neglect the role of connections between pedestrians on movement. For example, previous research from crowd psychology [17] demonstrated that a crowd of pedestrians reduced their walking speed and increased their distance walked to remain in close proximity to one another when they perceived one another to be fellow group members. Thus, rather than manoeuvring around one another to reach a target, the group members manoeuvred around one another to remain together on the basis of shared group membership.…”

Section: Approaches To Pedestrian Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Crucially, shared social identification affects the proximity of pedestrians to one another. Templeton, Drury, and Philippides [17] demonstrated that pedestrians in a crowd who were primed to share a social identity (i.e., a psychological crowd) walked in closer proximity to one another, further, and slower, than when they had not been primed (i.e. were simply part of a physical crowd).…”

Section: Incorporating Inter-and Intragroup Psychologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Placing Large Group Relations into Pedestrian Dynamics: Psychological Crowds in Counterflow

2020

Self Cite

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Understanding influences on pedestrian movement is important to accurately simulate crowd behaviour, yet little research has explored the psychological factors that influence interactions between large groups in counterflow scenarios. Research from social psychology has demonstrated that social identities can influence the micro-level pedestrian movement of a psychological crowd, yet this has not been extended to explore behaviour when two large psychological groups are co-present. This study investigates how the presence of large groups with different social identities can affect pedestrian behaviour when walking in counterflow. Participants (N = 54) were divided into two groups and primed to have identities as either ‘team A’ or ‘team B’. The trajectories of all participants were tracked to compare the movement of team A when walking alone to when walking in counterflow with team B, based on their i) speed of movement and distance walked, and ii) proximity between participants. In comparison to walking alone, the presence of another group influenced team A to collectively self-organise to reduce their speed and distance walked in order to walk closely together with ingroup members. We discuss the importance of incorporating social identities into pedestrian group dynamics for empirically validated simulations of counterflow scenarios.

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Walking together: behavioural signatures of psychological crowds

Cited by 54 publications

References 47 publications

Crowds in front of bottlenecks at entrances from the perspective of physics and social psychology

Crowds in front of bottlenecks at entrances from the perspective of physics and social psychology

The virtues of collective gatherings: A study on the positive effects of a major scouting event

Placing Large Group Relations into Pedestrian Dynamics: Psychological Crowds in Counterflow

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