Wall Cladding Effects and Occupants’ Perception of Indoor Temperature of Typical Student Apartments in Surabaya, Indonesia

Abstract

-Three types of apartment claddings in Surabaya, Indonesia were studied to analyze their effect into bedroom temperature. They were glass windows in a niche, glass door in a balcony, and glass windows on a plain wall with glass door in a balcony. On-site temperature measurement was recorded and complemented with questionnaire surveys of occupants' perception regarding room temperature. The study showed that an apartment cladding with the largest proportion of opaque material combined with a balcony offered an indoor temperature of up to 9 °C lower than the outdoor compared to the other cladding types. Nevertheless, 72 % of occupants participated in this study, who use air conditioners during night time, including one with the cladding with the largest temperature difference claimed that the indoor temperature before air-conditioners was still too warm, which triggered air-conditioners initial time more than 10 minutes to achieve the desired indoor temperature. It indicated that the opaque material time lag played a significant role in heating the room during night time when the air-conditioner is about to be operated.

Relevancy of Indoor Temperature and Feng Shui Luo Pan Compass: The Case of Domestic Buildings in Surabaya, Indonesia

“…The respondent survey has indicated that the initial time for the AC to lower the indoor temperature was more than 10 minutes, especially in the living room. The initial time of more than 10 minutes is considered unacceptable by occupants (Mediastika & Hariyono, 2017). It corresponds to the data in Table 1, where the default temperatures before AC were mostly not within the standard.…”

Empirical Model of Cost Reduction in Local DH Systems. Low Temperature Approach

“…5 th generation DH with ultra-low temperature provides additional values to the 4 th generation DH, such as flow temperature close to the ground temperature, the ability to work in heating or cooling mode indepe ndently of network temperature, bi-directional and decentralized energy flows [2]. However, it is important to consider that energy efficiency is also determined by a proper design of buildings, which should be suited for particular climatic conditions [14], [15], giving special consideration to the material of the outside wall [16].…”