Wall Decay Coefficient Estimation in a Real-Life Drinking Water Distribution Network

Minaee, Roya Peirovi; Mokhtari, Mehdi; Moghaddam, Alireza; Ebrahimi, Ali; Askarishahi, Mohsen; Afsharnia, Mojtaba

doi:10.1007/s11269-019-02206-x

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Wall reaction coefficient values for Polyethylene pipe obtained in this study varied between 0.041 and 0.059 h À1 . These values are greater than the calibrated wall decay coefficient estimated by Minaee et al (2019) in a reallife drinking water distribution network, which ranged from 0 to 0.021 h À1 . Comparing the results of both studies, it would be understood that kw reduces as diameter increases.…”

Section: Gsmentioning

confidence: 63%

Impact of pipe material on the wall reaction coefficients and its application in the rehabilitation of water supply system of San Pedro Nexapa, State of Mexico

et al. 2022

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One of the major challenges faced by water companies around the world is the high level of chlorine losses in distribution networks. This paper presents an experimental study to examine chlorine loss in different types of pipe materials and select the ones with low chlorine demand for the rehabilitation of the water distribution network of San Pedro Nexapa, State of Mexico. The materials investigated include: polyvinyl chloride (PVC), galvanized steel (GS), polypropylene (PP) and highdensity polyethylene (HDPE). A 24-h chlorine consumption study was performed in a simulated water distribution network to assess the impact of wall reaction coefficient on chlorine decay. Four sets of independent pipe loops of 50 mm in diameter and 12 m in length were used. Two different scenarios were considered based on different initial chlorine concentration (1.21 mg/L and 1.60 mg/L). Samples were collected at each loop in two hour intervals and physicochemical analyses were conducted. Results from the experimental distribution network showed that the wall coefficient values for GS, HDPE, PP and PVC were 0.165 h−1, 0.059 h−1, 0.043 h−1 and 0.026 h−1, respectively. Experimental results showed that wall reaction coefficient values depend on initial chlorine concentration and the characteristics of pipe material. The rate of free chlorine decay was found to be faster in Steel pipe and slower in the plastic pipes. Based on its lowest chlorine demand compared to the other pipes, PVC pipe would be selected to rehabilitate Nexapa water distribution network, State of Mexico. The wall coefficients from the experimental study were incorporated into EPANET through four simulation runs to predict chorine decay of San Pedro Nexapa water distribution network, State of Mexico. In the PVC and PP pipes higher residual chlorine concentrations were observed that ranged from 0.30 to 0.90 mg/L and 0.50 to 0.95 mg/L, respectively. This study is important for utilities to operate their system effectively and protect public health.

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Section: Gsmentioning

confidence: 63%

Impact of pipe material on the wall reaction coefficients and its application in the rehabilitation of water supply system of San Pedro Nexapa, State of Mexico

et al. 2022

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“…Therefore, the current literature lacks examples of chlorine decay model applications to complex networks supplied by different sources with different water quality characteristics, as in typical cases of WDNs managed by water utilities. In addition, it has to be highlighted that chlorine decay models are generally based on rather complex approaches [21][22][23][24], the application of which requires detailed water quality parameters that may be hard to obtain for water utilities [25] even in the case of simple WDN layouts. Indeed, these depend on both water characteristics (e.g., water pH and temperature, affecting bulk reaction parameters) and pipe characteristics (i.e., material and age, affecting wall reaction parameters) and should be obtained for each individual network pipeline based on the results of laboratory tests [23,26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Pragmatic Approach for Chlorine Decay Modeling in Multiple-Source Water Distribution Networks Based on Trace Analysis

Zaghini,

Gagliardi,

Marsili

et al. 2024

Water

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Providing water with adequate quality to users is one of the main concerns for water utilities. In most countries, this is ensured through the introduction of disinfectants, such as chlorine, which are subjected to decay over time, with consequent loss of disinfection action and the possible formation of harmful by-products. In this context, water quality models can be a useful tool to support management and, thus, ensure sufficient standards in all network points, but most of these models require the input of reaction parameters which could be difficult to obtain based on the information available to water utilities, especially in the case of complex water distribution networks (WDNs) supplied by more than one source. This study proposes a pragmatic, interval-number-based method to model chlorine decay in complex WDNs by relying on the use of the network hydraulic model and the results of trace analysis, which are exploited to obtain overall reaction rates. The method is applied to the case of a real WDN supplied by water sources with different qualitative features. The results obtained highlight that the method can help water utilities in the identification of overall water quality parameters.

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“…The bulk decay is frequently the predominant chlorine decay mechanism (Kiéné, Lu, and Lévi 1998;Clark and Haught 2005). Chlorine decay in water networks is, thus, often modelled as the sum of the two mechanisms, bulk and wall decay (Minaee et al 2019a;Munavalli, Mohan Kumar, and Kulkarni 2009). Bulk decay depends on the amount and type of natural organic matter and inorganics in water, hence, water samples should be collected and laboratory decay-tests carried out for assessing decay kinetics, by means of the bottle tests (Powell et al 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Equation (1), the rate of reaction of chlorine at the pipe wall is always inversely related to the pipe diameter and can be limited by the rate of mass transfer of chlorine to the wall. The FO model has been used to describe chlorine wall decay in pipes of low reactivity materials such as cement lined ductile iron (Digiano and Zhang 2005), PVC and medium-density polyethylene (Hallam et al 2002) and asbestos cement (Minaee et al 2019a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling chlorine wall decay in a full-scale water supply system

Monteiro

Carneiro

Covas

2020

Urban Water Journal

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The use of adequate decay models for simulating chlorine residuals can effectively aid in chlorine management in water supply systems. In this paper, wall decay in a full-scale water supply system is assessed and modelled using the traditional first-order (FO) model and the recent EXPBIO model. The EXPBIO model was successfully implemented in EPANET-MSX for the first time and predicted chlorine residuals with high accuracy. However, in the tested conditions (chlorine residuals ≥0.55 mg/L and small wall decay rates), the FO and the EXPBIO models described chlorine wall decay with similar accuracy. The results suggest that in systems of large diameter pipes and of high disinfectant concentrations, the simpler FO model can be used for the modelling of chlorine residuals without significant loss of accuracy. Further research is needed to identify in which conditions (chlorine levels, wall decay rates) the EXPBIO model performance may exceed that of the FO model.

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Wall Decay Coefficient Estimation in a Real-Life Drinking Water Distribution Network

Cited by 9 publications

References 25 publications

Impact of pipe material on the wall reaction coefficients and its application in the rehabilitation of water supply system of San Pedro Nexapa, State of Mexico

Impact of pipe material on the wall reaction coefficients and its application in the rehabilitation of water supply system of San Pedro Nexapa, State of Mexico

A Pragmatic Approach for Chlorine Decay Modeling in Multiple-Source Water Distribution Networks Based on Trace Analysis

Modelling chlorine wall decay in a full-scale water supply system

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