Wall forces produced during ITER disruptions

Analytical model of wall forces produced by kink perturbations in tokamaks

“…The sideways force was found to be largest when cs w $ 1, and this was claimed to be in qualitative agreement with the simulations using the M3D code. 17 The proposed formula, however, apparently disagrees with other relevant results [2][3][4][5]7,9,19,23 in the proper limits of ideal wall or no-wall. In particular, the expressions for the force in Refs.…”

“…This can be justified for slowly evolving perturbations when the skin depth s is much larger than the wall thickness d w , but fails when s ( d w . [26][27][28][29] However, the thin-wall boundary conditions have been used in M3D simulations 17,21,30,31 even for the fast modes (for example, up to cs w ¼ 1000 in Ref. 17).…”

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Evaluations for ITER give worrisome numbers at the level of hundred MN. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] There are several approaches [2][3][4][5]7,9,17,19,[21][22][23][24] to calculating the instability-induced electromagnetic forces on the vessel components in tokamaks, but some issues remain unresolved. 13,20 One of them was recently raised in Refs.…”

“…17, expressions are derived within the thin-wall model customary in the resistive wall mode (RWM) studies (see details and references in Refs. [25][26][27].…”

Comment on “Velocity boundary conditions at a tokamak resistive wall” [Phys. Plasmas 21, 032506 (2014)]

“…Without this 1.6 times amplification, hidden from the reader in Ref. 3 in the middle of a large paragraph, the internal kink mode would not produce appreciable forces. In Ref.…”