Wall Shear Stress Topological Skeleton Analysis in Cardiovascular Flows: Methods and Applications

Mazzi, Valentina; Morbiducci, Umberto; Calò, Karol; Nisco, Giuseppe De; Rizzini, Maurizio Lodi; Torta, Elena; Caridi, Giuseppe Carlo Alp; Chiastra, Claudio; Gallo, Diego

doi:10.3390/math9070720

Cited by 26 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…The helical flow experienced in the aorta arises due to the non-planar nature of the vessel. Torsion induced helical flow may stabilise the flow of blood in the aorta, reducing flow disturbance and suppressing the separation of flow [ 35 , 36 , 44 , 45 , 46 ]. The flow topology changes throughout the cardiac cycle, thereby altering the helical nature of the flow in the system due to a local exchange of writhe and twist helicity in the interacting vortical tube strands.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Haemodynamic Analysis of Branched Endografts for Complex Aortic Arch Repair

Sengupta

Hamady

2022

Bioengineering

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This study aims to investigate the haemodynamic response induced by implantation of a double-branched endograft used in thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) of the aortic arch. Anatomically realistic models were reconstructed from CT images obtained from patients who underwent TEVAR using the RelayPlus double-branched endograft implanted in the aortic arch. Two cases (Patient 1, Patient 2) were included here, both patients presented with type A aortic dissection before TEVAR. To examine the influence of inner tunnel branch diameters on localised flow patterns, three tunnel branch diameters were tested using the geometric model reconstructed for Patient 1. Pulsatile blood flow through the models was simulated by numerically solving the Navier–Stokes equations along with a transitional flow model. The physiological boundary conditions were imposed at the model inlet and outlets, while the wall was assumed to be rigid. Our simulation results showed that the double-branched endograft allowed for the sufficient perfusion of blood to the supra-aortic branches and restored flow patterns expected in normal aortas. The diameter of tunnel branches in the device plays a crucial role in the development of flow downstream of the branches and thus must be selected carefully based on the overall geometry of the vessel. Given the importance of wall shear stress in vascular remodelling and thrombus formation, longitudinal studies should be performed in the future in order to elucidate the role of tunnel branch diameters in long-term patency of the supra-aortic branches following TEVAR with the double-branched endograft.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Haemodynamic Analysis of Branched Endografts for Complex Aortic Arch Repair

Sengupta

Hamady

2022

Bioengineering

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“…Clinically, there is high interest in correlating WSS with cardiovascular disease, however, high-fidelity quantification of WSS remains a challenge. Interestingly, WSS is one of the most sophisticated hemodynamic parameters due to its multi-faceted role in cardiovascular disease [57] and the challenges in quantifying its rich spatiotemporal vectorial and topological features [2,58,59]. As a result, WSS is more sensitive to modeling limitations compared to other hemodynamic measures such as pressure drop.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating multi-fidelity blood flow data with reduced-order data assimilation

Habibi¹,

D’Souza²,

Dawson³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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High-fidelity patient-specific modeling of cardiovascular flows and hemodynamics is challenging. Direct blood flow measurement inside the body with in-vivo measurement modalities such as 4D flow magnetic resonance imaging (4D flow MRI) suffer from low resolution and acquisition noise. In-vitro experimental modeling and patient-specific computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models are subject to uncertainty in patient-specific boundary conditions and model parameters. Furthermore, collecting blood flow data in the near-wall region (e.g., wall shear stress) with experimental measurement modalities poses additional challenges. In this study, a computationally efficient data assimilation method called reduced-order modeling Kalman filter (ROM-KF) was proposed, which combined a sequential Kalman filter with reduced-order modeling using a linear model provided by dynamic mode decomposition (DMD). The goal of ROM-KF was to overcome low resolution and noise in experimental and uncertainty in CFD modeling of cardiovascular flows. The accuracy of the method was assessed with 1D Womersley flow, 2D idealized aneurysm, and 3D patient-specific cerebral aneurysm models. Synthetic experimental data were used to enable direct quantification of errors using benchmark datasets. The accuracy of ROM-KF in reconstructing near-wall hemodynamics was assessed by applying the method to problems where near-wall blood flow data were missing in the experimental dataset. The ROM-KF method provided blood flow data that were more accurate than the computational and synthetic experimental datasets and improved near-wall hemodynamics quantification.

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“…Stable/unstable manifolds identify patterns of the WSS vector field exerting an expansion/contraction action onto the luminal surface of the vessel. 12 , 33 , 34 , 37 An explanatory sketch of possible configurations of WSS topological skeleton features is presented in Fig. 2 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this regard, a marked interest has recently emerged on the topological skeleton analysis applied to the WSS vector field. 1,2,33,34 The WSS vector field topological skeleton consists of fixed points, where the WSS vector vanishes, and manifolds, namely the regions connecting them, where the WSS vector field contracts or expands. The interest in such an analysis is dictated by the fact that: (1) it is instrumental in identifying flow features usually classified as disturbed flow, in the sense that they have been put in relation with ''aggravating'' biological events involved in atherosclerosis; 33 (2) it can be used to quantify the contraction/expansion action exerted by the WSS on the endothelium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Atherosclerotic Changes in Coronary Arteries are Associated with Endothelium Shear Stress Contraction/Expansion Variability

et al. 2021

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Although unphysiological wall shear stress (WSS) has become the consensus hemodynamic mechanism for coronary atherosclerosis, the complex biomechanical stimulus affecting atherosclerosis evolution is still undetermined. This has motivated the interest on the contraction/expansion action exerted by WSS on the endothelium, obtained through the WSS topological skeleton analysis. This study tests the ability of this WSS feature, alone or combined with WSS magnitude, to predict coronary wall thickness (WT) longitudinal changes. Nine coronary arteries of hypercholesterolemic minipigs underwent imaging with local WT measurement at three time points: baseline (T1), after 5.6 ± 0.9 (T2), and 7.6 ± 2.5 (T3) months. Individualized computational hemodynamic simulations were performed at T1 and T2. The variability of the WSS contraction/expansion action along the cardiac cycle was quantified using the WSS topological shear variation index (TSVI). Alone or combined, high TSVI and low WSS significantly co-localized with high WT at the same time points and were significant predictors of thickening at later time points. TSVI and WSS magnitude values in a physiological range appeared to play an atheroprotective role. Both the variability of the WSS contraction/expansion action and WSS magnitude, accounting for different hemodynamic effects on the endothelium, (1) are linked to WT changes and (2) concur to identify WSS features leading to coronary atherosclerosis.

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Wall Shear Stress Topological Skeleton Analysis in Cardiovascular Flows: Methods and Applications

Cited by 26 publications

References 67 publications

Haemodynamic Analysis of Branched Endografts for Complex Aortic Arch Repair

Haemodynamic Analysis of Branched Endografts for Complex Aortic Arch Repair

Integrating multi-fidelity blood flow data with reduced-order data assimilation

Early Atherosclerotic Changes in Coronary Arteries are Associated with Endothelium Shear Stress Contraction/Expansion Variability

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