Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Oligopeptides Alleviate Alcohol-Induced Acute Liver Injury through the Inhibition of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Rats

Abstract

The study was aimed at investigating the effects of walnut oligopeptides (WOPs) on alcohol-induced acute liver injury and its underlying mechanisms. Male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly assigned to six groups: normal control, alcohol control, whey protein (440 mg/kg.bw), and three WOPs (220 mg/kg.bw, 440 mg/kg.bw, 880 mg/kg.bw) groups. After 30 days of gavage, ethanol with a volume fraction of 50%, administered at a dose of 7 g/kg.bw., caused acute liver injury. A righting reflex experiment and a blood ethanol concentration evaluation were then performed. Serum biochemical parameters, inflammatory cytokines, liver alcohol metabolism enzymes, oxidative stress biomarkers, liver nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB p65), and cytochrome P4502E1 expression were determined. The results revealed that the intervention of 440 mg/kg and 880 mg/kg WOPs could alleviate the degree of intoxication, decrease blood ethanol concentration, alleviate alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis, enhance the activity of hepatic ethanol metabolizing enzymes and antioxidant capacity, reduce lipid oxidation products and pro-inflammatory factor contents, and inhibit the expression of NF-κBp65 in the livers of rats. The outcomes of the study suggest that WOPs have beneficial effects on liver damage caused by acute ethanol binge drinking, with the high-dose WOPs (880 mg/kg.bw) exerting the most pronounced hepatoprotective effect.

Safety evaluation of excessive intake of Hesperetin-7-Glucoside-β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex in Healthy Japanese Subjects

“…Consequently, the examining physician has determined these variations to be clinically insignificant. Moreover, there were no substantial alterations in the levels of LDH-cho, ALP, T-Bil, HDL-cho, TG, and ALB, which are linked to liver function impairment, at 2 and 4 weeks in the plasma biochemical parameters when compared to the baseline at 0 weeks, and these levels consistently stayed within the standard range [26][27][28]. Adverse events: The test-responsible physician confirmed that during the test period, no adverse events were observed, and the incidence of adverse events and side effects was 0%.…”