Walnut oil improves spatial memory in rats and increases the expression of acid‐sensing ion channel genes Asic2a and Asic4

Wang, Limei; Yi, Yang; Yao, Yi-Lan; Ge, Feng; Shu, Chang; Wang, Hongxun; Zhang, Xifeng

doi:10.1002/fsn3.889

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…A recent study by Mejias et al found that IL1b was increased in aged mice and rats (Mejias et al 2018 ; Mawhinney et al 2011 ). Lynch et al, as well as Minogue et al indeed found that EPA reduced hippocampal IL1β expression in rats (Lynch et al 2007 ; Minogue et al 2007 ). Similarly to Moon et al, who reported a reduced IL1β expression and PGE2 levels in BV2 microglia upon EPA treatment, the walnut diet showed similar trends in the liver for both analytes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Spatial memory was significantly improved in the Wal and WalEE groups. Wang et al also found that rats administered with 1.1 g/kg, 2.2 g/kg and 11 g/kg walnut oil showed improved cognitive performance in Morris Water Maze (MWM) experiments vaguely based on the concentration used (Wang et al 2018). Other studies in rats and mice also found significant improvements using a 6% walnut-enriched diet in MWM test (Willis et al 2009;Muthaiyah et al 2014) and T-Water maze test (Muthaiyah et al 2014).…”

Section: Cognitive and Motor Functionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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A Walnut Diet in Combination with Enriched Environment Improves Cognitive Function and Affects Lipid Metabolites in Brain and Liver of Aged NMRI Mice

et al. 2020

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This in vivo study aimed to test if a diet enriched with 6% walnuts alone or in combination with physical activity supports healthy ageing by changing the oxylipin profile in brain and liver, improving motor function, cognition, and cerebral mitochondrial function. Female NMRI mice were fed a 6% walnut diet starting at an age of 12 months for 24 weeks. One group was additionally maintained in an enriched environment, one group without intervention served as control. After three months, one additional control group of young mice (3 weeks old) was introduced. Motor and cognitive functions were measured using Open Field, Y-Maze, Rotarod and Passive Avoidance tests. Lipid metabolite profiles were determined using RP-LC-ESI(-)-MS/MS in brain and liver tissues of mice. Cerebral mitochondrial function was characterized by the determination of ATP levels, mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial respiration. Expression of genes involved with mito- and neurogenesis, inflammation, and synaptic plasticity were determined using qRT-PCR. A 6% walnut-enriched diet alone improved spatial memory in a Y-Maze alternation test (p < 0.05) in mice. Additional physical enrichment enhanced the significance, although the overall benefit was virtually identical. Instead, physical enrichment improved motor performance in a Rotarod experiment (p* < 0.05) which was unaffected by walnuts alone. Bioactive oxylipins like hydroxy-polyunsaturated fatty acids (OH-PUFA) derived from linoleic acid (LA) were significantly increased in brain (p** < 0.01) and liver (p*** < 0.0001) compared to control mice, while OH-PUFA of α-linolenic acid (ALA) could only be detected in the brains of mice fed with walnuts. In the brain, walnuts combined with physical activity reduced arachidonic acid (ARA)-based oxylipin levels (p < 0.05). Effects of walnut lipids were not linked to mitochondrial function, as ATP production, mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial respiration were unaffected. Furthermore, common markers for synaptic plasticity and neuronal growth, key genes in the regulation of cytoprotective response to oxidative stress and neuronal growth were unaffected. Taken together, walnuts change the oxylipin profile in liver and brain, which could have beneficial effects for healthy ageing, an effect that can be further enhanced with an active lifestyle. Further studies may focus on specific nutrient lipids that potentially provide preventive effects in the brain.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Cognitive and Motor Functionmentioning

confidence: 94%

A Walnut Diet in Combination with Enriched Environment Improves Cognitive Function and Affects Lipid Metabolites in Brain and Liver of Aged NMRI Mice

et al. 2020

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“…However, later experiments did not confirm such difference, showing the same performance of control and ASIC1a-null mice [ 136 ]. Another paper connects ASICs with spatial memory, in which authors found that dietary walnut oil improved performance of rats in the Morris water maze [ 137 ]. Also, adding this substance to the hippocampal neurons culture medium leads to an increase in the expression of ASIC2a and ASIC4 genes.…”

Section: Physiological Roles Of Asics In the Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acid-Sensing Ion Channels: Focus on Physiological and Some Pathological Roles in the Brain

Storozhuk

Cherninskyi

Maximyuk

et al. 2021

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: Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are Na+-permeable ion channels activated by protons and predominantly expressed in the nervous system. ASICs act as pH sensors leading to neuronal excitation. At least eight different ASIC subunits (including ASIC1a, ASIC1b, ASIC2a, ASIC2b, ASIC3, ASIC4, ASIC5) are encoded by five genes (ASIC1–ASIC5). Functional ASICs assembled in the plasma membrane are homo- or heteromeric trimers. ASIC1a-containing trimers are of particular interest as, in addition to sodium ions, they also conduct calcium ions and thus can trigger or regulate multiple cellular processes. ASICs are widely, but differentially expressed in the central and peripheral nervous systems. In the mammalian brain a majority of neurons express at least one ASIC subunit. Several recent reviews have summarized findings about the role of ASICs in the peripheral nervous system, particularly in nociception and proprioception, and the structure-function relationship of ASICs. However, there is little coverage on recent findings regarding the role of ASICs in the brain. Here we review and discuss evidence regarding the roles of ASICs: (i) as postsynaptic receptors activated by protons co-released with glutamate at glutamatergic synapses; (ii) as modulators of synaptic transmission at glutamatergic synapses and GABAergic synapses; (iii) in synaptic plasticity, memory and learning; (iv) in some pathologies such as epilepsy, mood disorders and Alzheimer's disease.

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“…Numerous studies have reported the antioxidant effects of walnut and confirmed that polyphenols in walnut oil play a role (Jahanban‐Esfahlan et al, 2019; Sánchez‐González et al, 2017). Walnut oil showed anti‐inflammatory (Ganji et al, 2019), antitumor (Batirel et al, 2018), immunomodulatory (Soussi, Gargouri, & El Feki, 2018), neuroprotective (Wang, Yi, et al, 2018), and cardioprotective (Lozano et al, 2013) activities. It is also used to treat diabetes (Sun et al, 2020) and hyperlipidemia (Zibaeenezhad et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research progress on Walnut oil: Bioactive compounds, health benefits, extraction methods, and medicinal uses

Song

Cong²,

et al. 2022

Journal of Food Biochemistry

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Walnut oil is extracted from walnut kernels (Juglans regia Linne) or iron walnut kernels (Juhlans sigillata Dode). The percentage of oil in walnuts is 52%–70%. The main constituents in oil are fatty acids, phenols, sterols, squalene, melatonin, vitamins, and minerals. Many extraction methods such as supercritical carbon dioxide extraction, maceration, modified “bligh and dyer extraction,” aqueous enzymatic extraction, ultrasonic extraction, soxhlet extraction, and cold‐press extraction methods are reported in the literature. Walnut oil showed anti‐inflammatory, antitumor, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, antidiabetic, and antihyperlipidemic activities. The reported data in the literature suggest that walnut oil has many health benefits. This review summarizes the extraction methods, bioactive constituents, health benefits, and pharmacological actions of walnut oil. Practical applications Walnut oil is a natural vegetable oil of significant importance due to their nutritional, and intelligence‐boosting benefits. Several factors, including the processing parameters and the phytochemical profile, affect walnut oil products’ flavor and color. In addition, storage environment of walnut oil can also affect walnut oil quality. Apart from the predominant ingredient fatty acids, the chemical composition of walnut oil comprises phenols, sterols, squalene, melatonin, vitamins, and minerals. These bioactive compounds are of potential value owing to their health‐promoting benefits, including antioxidant, antitumor, and cholesterol‐lowering effects. Many chemical constituents were isolated from walnut oil; however, all the compounds are not explored for their possible medicinal value. Thus, clinical studies, exploration of the therapeutic potential and the molecular mechanisms of all the compounds, and development of convenient dosage forms either for therapeutic or functional food purposes are warranted.

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Walnut oil improves spatial memory in rats and increases the expression of acid‐sensing ion channel genes Asic2a and Asic4

Cited by 13 publications

References 51 publications

A Walnut Diet in Combination with Enriched Environment Improves Cognitive Function and Affects Lipid Metabolites in Brain and Liver of Aged NMRI Mice

A Walnut Diet in Combination with Enriched Environment Improves Cognitive Function and Affects Lipid Metabolites in Brain and Liver of Aged NMRI Mice

Acid-Sensing Ion Channels: Focus on Physiological and Some Pathological Roles in the Brain

Research progress on Walnut oil: Bioactive compounds, health benefits, extraction methods, and medicinal uses

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