Waning immunity of one-dose measles-mumps-rubella vaccine to mumps in children from kindergarten to early school age: a prospective study

Liu, Yuanbao; Liu, Zhihao; Deng, Xin; Hu, Ying; Wang, Zhiguo; Lu, Peishan; Guo, Hongxiong; Sun, Xiang; Xu, Yanhong; Tang, Fenyang; Zhu, Fengcai

doi:10.1080/14760584.2018.1445529

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…A complete listing of age-related statistics is fully outlined in Table 1. Despite a number of well-documented studies that demonstrated waning immunity with increasing age and time since last vaccination [20][21][22][23], there was no significant correlation between rubella-specific antibody titers and age observed in this cohort (Spearman correlation analysis, p=0.17; Figure 2A).…”

Section: Association Of Antibody Titers With Age Sex and Bmicontrasting

confidence: 62%

“…We also sought to evaluate the effects of age on the seroprevalence of rubella-specific IgG titers. It is well known that the function of the immune system declines with age and time since last vaccination [52][53][54], and waning immunity has been observed for rubella as well as other vaccine-preventable diseases as the time since the last immunization increases [20][21][22][23]33]. It should be noted that most studies investigating waning immunity following MMR vaccination have focused on mumps and measles, as many seroprevalence studies report 90-100% seropositivity against rubella several years after vaccination [20,[28][29][30][31][32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seroprevalence and durability of rubella virus antibodies in a highly immunized population

Crooke

Haralambieva

Grill

et al. 2019

Vaccine

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Background: Although the administration of the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine has been widespread in the United States for decades, gaps in vaccine coverage still persist for various reasons. The maintenance of herd immunity against rubella virus (RV) is important to controlling the spread and resurgence of rubella and congenital rubella syndrome. Methods: In this study, we sought to assess the seroprevalence of RV-specific antibodies in an adult population from a defined geographic area in Olmsted County, MN, and the surrounding municipalities, with relatively high vaccine coverage and no documented evidence of circulating RV in the past 24 years. Rubella-specific IgG antibodies were measured by ELISA in a large set of serum samples (n=1,393) obtained from the Mayo Clinic Biobank. This cohort was 80.2% female and ranged from 20-44 years of age. Results: In total, 97.8% of subjects were seropositive for rubella-specific IgG antibodies, with a median titer of 40.56 IU/mL, suggesting a high degree of immunization; however, 2.2% of subjects were found to be seronegative. Interestingly, 25.1% of subjects were seropositive but had titers lower than 25 IU/mL, indicating either a population of low responders or individuals that could potentially be at risk of waning immunity. No significant associations or differences were found between RV-specific titers and demographic variables such as age, sex, or body mass index (BMI). Conclusions: A high rate of seropositivity for rubella was found among this young adult cohort, but a significant percent of the cohort had lower titers that may indicate poor initial vaccine response and potential risk if their antibody titers decline.

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Section: Association Of Antibody Titers With Age Sex and Bmicontrasting

confidence: 62%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence and durability of rubella virus antibodies in a highly immunized population

Crooke

Haralambieva

Grill

et al. 2019

Vaccine

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“…These data raise the question concerning the reliability of the Hungarian population's herd immunity. Because of recent outbreaks worldwide, not only of measles, but also mumps and rubella (MMR) infections [15][16][17][18][19], and because of waning of immunity over time after vaccination [20][21][22][23], there is an urgent need for reliable and affordable laboratory tests for monitoring anti-MMR antibody (IgG) titres. For this purpose, we developed a new, 'three-in-one' immunoassay for quick measurement of all three anti-viral antibodies within a single run.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of a fast and cost-effective ‘three-in-one’ MMR ELISA as a tool for surveying anti-MMR humoral immunity: the Hungarian experience

et al. 2020

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In Hungary, between February 2017 and July 2019, 70 confirmed measles cases were reported, raising questions about the adequacy of population-level immunity. Although the assumed vaccination coverage is ≥99%, in a recent study, we detected potential gaps in the anti-measles humoral immunity. In Hungary, according to a decree by the Ministry of Public Welfare, beginning from 2021, the healthcare provider should conduct a serosurvey of anti-measles protection levels of healthcare professionals. To facilitate the compliance with this requirement, we developed a quick ‘three-in-one’ or ‘triple’ MMR (measles, mumps and rubella) indirect ELISA (IgG); an assay format that is currently not available commercially. High throughput applicability of the ‘three-in-one’ ELISA was verified using 1736 sera from routine laboratory residual samples, using an automated platform (Siemens BEP 2000 Advance). Assay verification was performed by comparing the full antigen repertoire-based ‘target’ assay with in-house ‘control’ assays using recombinant viral antigen coatings, and by validated commercially available kits. Indirect immunofluorescence was used as an independent reference method. Data were analysed using OriginLab, IBM SPSS, RStudio and MedCalc. In case of measles, we combined our current results with previously published data (Ntotal measles = 3523). Evaluation of anti-mumps and anti-rubella humoral antibody levels was based on the measurement of 1736 samples. The lowest anti-measles seropositivity (79.3%) was detected in sera of individuals vaccinated between 1978 and 1987. Considering the antigen-specific seropositivity ratios of all samples measured, anti-measles, -mumps and -rubella IgG antibody titres were adequate in 89.84%, 91.82% and 92.28%, respectively. Based on the virus-specific herd immunity threshold (HIT) values (HITMeasles = 92–95%, HITMumps = 75–86%, HITRubella = 83–86), it can be stated that regarding anti-measles immunity, certain age clusters of the population may have inadequate levels of humoral immunity. Despite the potential gaps in herd immunity, the use of MMR vaccine remains an effective and low-cost approach for the prevention of measles, mumps and rubella infections.

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“…However, in China, the coverage of the second dose was relatively low, only 78.8% reported in some studies [25]. Besides, Liu and colleagues reported that waning immunity to mumps among infants who received one-dose vaccine during 18-24 months of age occurred with increasing age [26], resulting in the higher incidence rate in primary schools identified in the present study. ese results suggest that improving the coverage of the second dose of vaccine should be prioritized to prevent mumps epidemics in China.…”

Section: Interpretations Of the Findingsmentioning

confidence: 48%

Patient Delay in Hospital Visiting and the Weekend Effect of Surveillance Report on Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease and Epidemic Parotitis in Hanzhong City, China

Wei¹,

Zhu

et al. 2020

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiolog

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Background. We aimed at investigating the prevalence and associated factors of patient delay in hospital visiting and weekend effect of disease surveillance on hand-foot-and-mouth disease and epidemic parotitis/mumps. Methods. Daily report data on hand-foot-and-mouth disease and epidemic parotitis cases between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2017, in Hanzhong, Shaanxi, China, were collected. The patient delay in hospital visiting was defined by the date difference between disease onset and patient’s visit to hospital. Differences of delayed durations and percentages were compared by using nonparametric or χ2 tests across gender, age, occupation, disease classification, epidemic and nonepidemic seasons, and years of disease onset. Additionally, to determine whether there existed a weekend effect of disease surveillance, the mean cases reported on weekdays and weekends were also compared. Results. A total of 14,814 patients with hand-foot-and-mouth disease and 4013 with epidemic parotitis were recorded, respectively. We found that 43.1% of the hand-foot-and-mouth disease and 36.5% of the epidemic parotitis patients had delayed visiting to hospital. All patients were reported through the online surveillance system on the day of visiting hospital. The percentage of delayed visiting to hospital differed significantly by years and epidemic and nonepidemic seasons and between children in and not in childcare center (all p values <0.05). In addition, the reported numbers of both diseases fluctuated on weekdays but obviously decreased on weekends regardless of the epidemic or nonepidemic seasons. Conclusions. The reported cases of HFMD and epidemic parotitis had an obvious weekend effect, with an increasing tendency of cases delaying in hospital visiting over the recent years in Hanzhong, China. Parents and caregivers rather than health systems should be primarily targeted for the prevention and control of infectious diseases and their local outbreaks such as community-based education on the second-dose vaccination of mumps and/or hand hygiene.

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Waning immunity of one-dose measles-mumps-rubella vaccine to mumps in children from kindergarten to early school age: a prospective study

Abstract: Children who received one-dose MMR in kindergarten and primary school were at high risk of mumps infection, and waning immunity occurred with time. Determining the optimal age for the second dose of MMR in children should be prioritized to prevent mumps epidemics.

Cited by 17 publications

References 23 publications

Seroprevalence and durability of rubella virus antibodies in a highly immunized population

Seroprevalence and durability of rubella virus antibodies in a highly immunized population

Application of a fast and cost-effective ‘three-in-one’ MMR ELISA as a tool for surveying anti-MMR humoral immunity: the Hungarian experience

Patient Delay in Hospital Visiting and the Weekend Effect of Surveillance Report on Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease and Epidemic Parotitis in Hanzhong City, China

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