Waning population immunity prior to a large Q fever epidemic in the south of The Netherlands

Brandwagt, Diederik; Herremans, Tineke; Schneeberger, Peter M.; Hackert, Volker; Hoebe, C; Paget, John; Hoek, Wim van der

doi:10.1017/s0950268816000741

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Because Coxiella burnetii is found in hunting areas—with hunting being a recreational activity traditionally performed by men—one may hypothesize that men were more exposed than women to C. burnetii. Yet the antibodies directed against C. burnetii in men and women were equally distributed, suggesting a similar level of exposure [6] , [11] .…”

Section: Gender Effectmentioning

confidence: 94%

Sex and bacterial infectious diseases

Mège

Bretelle

Léone

2018

New Microbes and New Infections

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Most infectious diseases are unequally distributed between male and female subjects. This sex dimorphism is confirmed by epidemiologic studies which suggest an increased number of male septic patients, while, due to the class age of septic patients, an overrepresentation of female patients would be expected. Lifestyle, recreational activities, professional exposition and access to care are plausible reasons for this dimorphism. However, biological differences should be carefully considered, particularly the weight of X-linked variability and the role of sex hormones. Animal models clearly show that clinical response to infection is more exuberant in males than in females. This is partly explained by an attenuation of the inflammatory response by female sex hormones. However, the translation from experimental studies to the bedside remains challenging as a result of confounding factors like age, hormone changes and response to treatment.

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Section: Gender Effectmentioning

confidence: 94%

Sex and bacterial infectious diseases

Mège

Bretelle

Léone

2018

New Microbes and New Infections

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“…It affects a wide range of mammals, birds and arthropods [18]. Domestic ruminants such as cattle, goats and sheep are the main reservoirs for Qfever in humans [19]. Human infection occurs due to inhalation of dust contaminated by infected animal fluids, consumption of unpasteurized dairy products and contact with milk, urine, faeces, vaginal mucus or semen of infected animals [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sero-prevalence of brucellosis, Q-fever and Rift Valley fever in humans and livestock in Somali Region, Ethiopia

et al. 2021

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Information on zoonotic diseases in humans and livestock are limited in pastoral/agro-pastoral communities in Ethiopia. A multi-stage cross sectional cluster design study was implemented with the aim to establish the seroprevalence of zoonotic diseases including brucellosis, Q-fever and Rift Valley fever (RVF) in humans and livestock in Adadle Woreda of the Somali Region, Ethiopia. Blood samples were collected from humans and livestock and tested by relevant serological tests. For brucellosis, Rose Bengal test (RBT) and indirect ELISA was used for screening and confirmatory diagnosis respectively. Indirect and competitive ELISA were also used for Q-fever and RVF respectively. The individual seropositivity of Q-fever in livestock was 9.6% (95% CI 5.9–15.1) in cattle, 55.7% (95% CI 46.0–65.0) in camels, 48.8% (95% CI 42.5–55.0) in goats, and 28.9% (95% CI 25.0–33.2) in sheep. In humans, seropositivity of Q-fever was 27.0% (95% CI 20.4–34.0), with prevalence in males of 28.9% vs 24.2% in females (OR = 1.3; 95% CI 0.6–2.5). Camel seropositivity of Q-fever was significantly associated with age (OR = 8.1; 95% CI 2.8–23.7). The individual apparent seroprevalence of RVF was 13.2% (95% CI 8.7–18.8) in humans, 17.9% (95% CI 11.0–27.8) in cattle, 42.6% (95% CI 34.8–50.7) in camels, 6.3% (95% CI 3.3–11.6) in goats and 7.4% (95% CI 4.7–11.5) in sheep. Camels had the highest seropositivity of both Q-fever and RVF. Only a weak correlation was observed between human and livestock seropositivity for both Q-fever and RVF. Only cattle and camels were seropositive for brucellosis by iELISA. The individual seroprevalence of brucellosis was 2.8(0.9–6.4) in humans, 1.5% (95% CI 0.2–5.2) in cattle and 0.6% (95% CI 0.0–3.2) in camels. This study showed the importance of zoonoses in Somali Region and is the first published study to describe RVF exposure in humans and livestock in the country. Even though human exposure to RVF virus was reported, public health sector of Somali Region has not given attention to such zoonoses. Collaboration between public and animal health sectors for further investigation on these zoonoses using the One Health concept is indispensable.

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“…It affects a wide range of mammals, birds and arthropods [18]. Domestic ruminants such as cattle, goats and sheep are the main reservoirs for Q-fever in humans [19]. Human infection occurs due to inhalation of dust contaminated by infected animal fluids, consumption of unpasteurized dairy products and contact with milk, urine, faeces, vaginal mucus or semen of infected animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sero-prevalence of brucellosis, Q-fever and Rift Valley Fever in humans and livestock in Somali region, Ethiopia

Ibrahim

Schelling

Zinsstag

et al. 2020

Preprint

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14Information on zoonotic diseases in humans and livestock are limited in pastoral/agro-pastoral 15 communities in Ethiopia. A multi-stage cross sectional cluster design study was implemented with the 16 aim to establish the seroprevalence of zoonotic diseases including brucellosis, Q-fever and Rift Valley 17 Fever (RVF) in humans and livestock in Adadle woreda of the Somali region, Ethiopia. Blood samples 18 were collected from humans and livestock and tested by relevant serological tests. For brucellosis, 19 Rose Bengal test (RBT) and indirect ELISA was used for screening and confirmatory diagnosis 20 respectively. Indirect and competitive ELISA were also used for Q-fever and RVF respectively. The 21 individual seropositivity of Q-fever in livestock was 9.6% (95% CI 5.9-15.1) in cattle, 55.7% (95% CI 22 46.0-65.0) in camels, 48.8% (95% CI 42.5-55.0) in goats, and 28.9% (95% CI 25.0-33.2) in sheep. In 23 humans, seropositivity of Q-fever was 27.0% (95% CI 20.4-34.0), with prevalence in males of 28.9% vs 24 24.2% in females (OR= 1.3; 95% CI 0.6-2.5). Camel seropositivity of Q-fever was significantly associated 25 with age (OR= 8.1; 95% CI 2.8-23.7). The individual apparent seroprevalence of RVF was 13.2% (95% 2 26 CI 8.7-18.8) in humans, 17.9 % (95% CI 11.0-27.8) in cattle, 42.6% (95% CI 34.8-50.7) in camels, 6.3% 27 (95% CI 3.3-11.6) in goats and 7.4% (95% CI 4.7-11.5) in sheep. Camels had the highest seropositivity 28 of both Q-fever (55.7%; 95% CI 46.0-65.0) and RVF (42.6%; 95% CI 34.8-50.7). Only a weak correlation 29 was observed between human and livestock seropositivity for both Q-fever and RVF. Only cattle and 30 camels were seropositive for brucellosis by iELISA. The individual seroprevalence of brucellosis was 31 2.8(0.9-6.4) in humans, 1.5% (95% CI 0.2-5.2) in cattle and 0.6% (95% CI 0.0-3.2) in camels. This study 32showed the importance of zoonoses in Somali regional state and is the first published study to describe 33 RVF exposure in humans and livestock in the country. Collaboration between public and animal health 34 sectors for further investigation on these zoonoses using the One Health concept is indispensable. 35

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Waning population immunity prior to a large Q fever epidemic in the south of The Netherlands

Cited by 11 publications

References 35 publications

Sex and bacterial infectious diseases

Sex and bacterial infectious diseases

Sero-prevalence of brucellosis, Q-fever and Rift Valley fever in humans and livestock in Somali Region, Ethiopia

Sero-prevalence of brucellosis, Q-fever and Rift Valley Fever in humans and livestock in Somali region, Ethiopia

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