Waqf Institution and Management Cash Waqf During The Ottoman Period

Abstract

This paper discussed the implementation and management of cash waqf during the Ottoman Empire. During the reign, waqf has become an instrument that is very successfully implemented in various sectors such as religion, education, social, and health. Waqf assets continued to increase and not only provided facilities for public but also assisted people who need capital to do business. Nazir as waqf institution (individual or institution waqf manager) have administered waqf with different schemes, such as providing loans in the form of qard hasan, mudharabah, bai’ul-inna, and bidaa. Management waqf institutionally was evaluated by the government in 1823, this evaluation led to the reformation of waqf institution and founded the new waqf institution which was known as Evkaf-I Hümayun Nezareti. This institution was the Ottoman sovereign wealth fund which functioned to manage all waqf assets. All waqf assets, as well as cash waqf, were managed by this institution with various schemes that are not much different from what has been done before. However, in this period the management of cash waqf was only carried out by this institution as the authority for managing waqf assets. The management of waqf assets under this institution lasted until the end of the Ottoman Turkish government. The establishment of cash waqf institutions in the Ottoman empire has shown an important step that has been taken to ensure the effectiveness of cash waqf development. Cash waqf management in the Ottoman empire has proof waqf as Islamic social finance in Islamic economic theory shown a significant contribution to society and the Ottoman government.

Waqf Substantial Contribution Toward the Public Healthcare Sector in the Ottoman Empire

“…Waqf as social funds worked in an official capacity in the financial instrument of the Ottoman era, along with fulfilling people's basic needs through surplus funds and creative innovations (Iskandar, 2022). Sultans and Governors at that time had expanded the scope of Waqf.…”