War and Environment: The Environmental Effects of the Civil War in Somalia

Kengni, Bernard

doi:10.1002/tqem.21351

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In a theoretical sense, the utilization of massive weapons and the continuity of military operations negatively affect environmental quality. Recent studies also show that war is a damaging factor to environmental quality [ 32 ]. Unlike most countries, Afghanistan is a country that has hosted more than four decades of war and has experienced almost all types of massive damage due to civil war.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fourth group of studies, such as [ [26] , [27] , [28] ]; Moghadam and Dehbashi (2018), [ 29 , 30 ]; and [ 31 ]; focused on individual economies to test the EKC. The fifth group of studies, like [ [32] , [33] , [34] ]; and [ 35 ]; tested the EKC hypothesis in post-conflict environments and presented implicit results. Nonetheless, the fifth group of studies ignored the effects of civil wars on environmental degradation in their analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The validity of the environmental Kuznets curve in the presence of long-run civil wars: A case of Afghanistan

Hameed,

Rahman,

Khanam

2024

Heliyon

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The validity of the environmental Kuznets curve in the presence of long-run civil wars: A case of Afghanistan

Hameed,

Rahman,

Khanam

2024

Heliyon

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“…The conflict began in 1988, when then-president Siad Barre began using his special forces to attack clan-based dissidents who were opposed to his rule. The central government's inability to quell the revolt ultimately led to the dissolution of the central government's hold on the country, especially in northern Somalia (Kengni 2013). By 1990, an uprising spread across the nation.…”

Section: Chapter 3 : Historical Background and Migration Of Somali Re...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…President Siad Barre fled Mogadishu in 1991, leaving the country with neither a nationally recognized president nor a central government (Kengni 2013).…”

Section: Chapter 3 : Historical Background and Migration Of Somali Re...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Madow & Muslim in Canada: Barriers Impacting the Success of Somali Youth within the Ontario Public-School System

Abdulkarim

2023

Preprint

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Despite the social exclusion of Black youth within the public-school system being well documented locally and internationally, showing us that Black youth are denied access to and participation in education, the labour market, the political system and even some public spaces. There is little research that examines how racism and Islamophobia impact the schooling experiences of Somali youth - and their dual experiences as both Black and Muslim in Canada. As such, this literature review seeks to highlight the ways in which Somali youth within Ontario schools often experience multiple forms of discrimination within the education system, similar and different from other Black refugee groups, and Black Canadian youth. Despite the considerable differences in socio-economic, demographic and cultural population between these three above-mentioned groups, these youths may face similar barriers within the Ontario public-school system. Key Words: Somali youth, Anti-Black racism, Islamophobia

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“…Draulans and Van Krunkelsven (2002) and Nackoney et al (2014) investigated the impact of armed conflict on forest areas in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Other scholars have also offered empirical evidence of environmental effects resulting from armed conflict (Rose, 1993;Dudley et al, 2002;Kengni, 2013).…”

Section: Environmental Securitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A glimmer of hope? : an assessment of vulnerability and empowerment in the coastal area of North Lebanon

Issa¹

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DEDICATIONThis work is dedicated to my family. To my wonderful father and mother, Tony and Amale, who sacrificed their lives to raise us and to give us the best education and opportunities in life. To my lovely siblings Vicky, Fahed, Micho, and Wally and my nieces Rita and Lara, for your unconditional love and for always being there for me. To my caring grandfathers, Abdel Nour and Fahed, for your great love and for teaching me how to be strong. You were always proud of me. I really wish you were still with us now. May your souls rest in peace. To my loving grandmothers, Najat and Nazek, strong and achiever women beyond all odds. You taught how to be patient and loving. To the rest of the family, thank you for being a great family and for being a source of love and happiness throughout the years. The relationship between outcomes and correlates of empowerment 67List of Tables Table 3.1 Research questions, steps, and methods 26 Table 4.1 Direct impacts resulting from different episodes of armed conflict 38 Table 4.2 Indirect impacts resulting from different episodes of armed conflict 42 Table 5.1 Indicators of physical and social vulnerability 52 Table 5.2 Social vulnerability Index for each of the five areas of the Lebanese northern coast 58 Table 6.1Indicators of Agency 68 Table 6.2 Indicators of Empowerment 69 Table 6.3 Authorities' equitability in addressing needs and concerns, and the influence of political and religious characteristics on the authorities' treatment of people 73 Table 6.4 Spearman's rho correlations between various variables within the public services delivery domain 74 Table 6.5Logistic regression to evaluate determinants of individual perceptions as to whether the way in which authorities treat people is affected by people's religion or political affiliation 76 Table 6.6 Spearman's rho correlations between various variables within the labor domain 78 Table 6.7Logistic regression to investigate determinants of individual perceptions of job security 79 Table 6.8Perception of involvement in Community decision-making processes 80 Table 6.9 Spearman's rho correlations between various variables within the community domain 81 The project aims to provide a longitudinal analysis of the impact of recurring armed conflict on the human-environment system in the region of North Lebanon using an interdisciplinary and integrative approach through combining different disciplines including social geography, political economy, ethnography, environmental and life science, and economics. The objective of this project is to highlight the processes of vulnerability, environmental mitigation and reconstruction, and trust relationships in these processes in the area of North Lebanon during and after conflict.The research was carried out at the Department of Governance and Technology for Sustainability (CSTM) at the University of Twente, the Netherlands and the Institute of the Environment (IOE) at the University of Balamand, Lebanon. Both institutions provided exceptional academic and technical support which a...

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War and Environment: The Environmental Effects of the Civil War in Somalia

Abstract: International humanitarian law seeks to protect the environment, civilians, and development

Cited by 4 publications

References 8 publications

The validity of the environmental Kuznets curve in the presence of long-run civil wars: A case of Afghanistan

The validity of the environmental Kuznets curve in the presence of long-run civil wars: A case of Afghanistan

Madow & Muslim in Canada: Barriers Impacting the Success of Somali Youth within the Ontario Public-School System

A glimmer of hope? : an assessment of vulnerability and empowerment in the coastal area of North Lebanon

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