War and Militarism

Burland, Daniel

doi:10.1017/9781108550710.010

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…However, just as military service did not predict respondents’ perceptions of the purpose of prison, ‘military’ qualities appear not to predict an exclusively ‘traditional-resistant’ staff culture—pointing just as often to a ‘traditional-professional’ culture (Crewe et al, 2011: 111) through which the use of power was necessary and legitimate. In addition, we found important evidence that militarism and empathy are by no means mutually exclusive, given that certain ‘military’ qualities also facilitate more emotional capabilities including understanding of bereavement, aligning with the care and compassion described for the modern military by Burland (2018) and Lutze and Lau (2018). It is possible that there is a temporal dimension to these tendencies towards traditional-resistant and traditional-professional models.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…However, our data do not entirely bear this out. There were many respondents whose interpretations of military service diverged from usual stereotypes, much more closely resembling the social cohesion, altruism and humility of the military as described by Burland (2018). For example, this respondent segued from the familiar appreciation of rank, rule and use of restraint, to an ability to show empathy and compassion:[Ex-military staff] understand how to work in a rule-based command structure, they have appropriate prior training that assists with the control and restraint of prisoners, as required.…”

Section: Military Experience and Empathymentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Rather than aligning with Foucauldian tropes of disciplined and disciplining automatons, this work characterizes military influence in relation to the notions of collective meanings and collective power described by his critics. Burland (2018: 149) emphasizes its potential to foster ‘social cohesion and positive personal traits such as altruism, humility and self-discipline’. Lutze and Lau (2018) argue that the military has moved away from ‘stereotypical’ tactics of humiliation, aggression and coercion, towards a ‘military philosophy’ of motivating internal change and reinforcing positive behaviour by recognizing accomplishments, rather than by punishing failures.…”

Section: Power Authority and The Militarymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Drill, discipline and decency? Exploring the significance of prior military experience for prison staff culture

Moran

Turner

2021

Theoretical Criminology

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Building on prior theorization of the prison–military complex and critiques of Foucault’s claim of similarities between the prison and the military, this article uses the example of ex-military personnel as prison staff to consider the nature of this relationship. In a UK context in which policy discourse speaks of ‘military’ methods as an aspiration for the Prison Service but where critical prison scholars use this term more pejoratively, it draws on a unique survey of current and former prison staff to explore the perceived characteristics of ex-military personnel, and the relationship between military service and prison staff culture. The article finds that although some ‘military’ characteristics recall more negative ‘traditional’ cultures, others point towards more professional and compassionate attitudes, challenging the notion that ‘militarism’ necessarily engenders authoritarian and punitive prison regimes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Military Experience and Empathymentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Power Authority and The Militarymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Drill, discipline and decency? Exploring the significance of prior military experience for prison staff culture

Moran

Turner

2021

Theoretical Criminology

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“…The final stress level ever achieved on this line is called isotropic preconsolidation pressure p po . [55][56][57]. During unloading and reloading up to preconsolidation stress, there is a line with slope of κ, referred to as unloading-reloading index.…”

Section: Numerical Analyses Of Real Buildings 221 Subsoil Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D FEM Analysis of the Subsoil-Building Interaction

Nepelski

2022

Applied Sciences

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This paper presents the process of advanced numerical analysis of interaction between a building and the subsoil. The analysis covered a wide range of work for both computing and research. As part of the research work, field and laboratory subsoil tests were carried out, as well as geodetic measurements of building settlement and measurements of natural vibrations of an object. The computational work included the analysis of a total of 47 FEM models. The subsoil was described using the Modified Cam-Clay model, with parameters determined using field CPT and SDMT tests, as well as triaxial and edometric laboratory tests. Parts with geodetic benchmarks were separated from the building model, and then multi-variant calculations were made on smaller, partial models with parameters obtained from various methods. Calibration of the main models was performed using 8 partial models for which calculations were carried out in 4–5 variants of parameters. This gave a total of 38 partial models. Then, calculations were carried out on the full model of the building with subsoil. At each stage, the results of vertical displacements were compared to the geodetic values. The measured settlement of the real building in the time from the construction of the underground story to its use for the period of 1 year, was from 2.3 mm to 7.8 mm. The settlement from FEM calculations of small calibration models for the same benchmarks was from 2.0 mm to 9.8 mm with parameters derived from CPT tests and from 1.8 to 7.3 mm for parameters derived from SDMT. For the full building model, settlement from FEM calculations ranged from 2.2 to 8.8 for the variant with a simplified subsoil model, and from 3.7 to 10.5 for the model taking into account the inhomogeneity of the subsoil. As a result, it was found that the displacements from the numerical analysis were convergent with the geodetic values. Detailed numerical analyses also allowed to detect the deviations of the segments from the vertical and to indicate potential damage to the structure. It was also indicated how the work of the subsoil influences the stress distribution in selected structural elements. Behaviour of the subsoil has an impact on the behaviour of the building and its deformations, as well as on the distribution of stresses in the structural elements, and, as a result, on the change in the distribution of internal forces in the structure.

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“…At the same time, Liz Truss's recruitment of ex‐military personnel, and Rory Stewart's staff college, are also couched within uncritical repetition of timeworn clichés – but this time about military valour and virtue ‐ which are just as unhelpful as the stereotypes of an authoritarian military which infuse criminological scholarship. While militarism in many of its formulations is almost implicitly defined as a social ill, Burland () emphasises its ambiguity as a social force which can foster ‘social cohesion and positive personal traits such as altruism, humility and self‐discipline’ but whose ‘misuse can cause or exacerbate social problems’ (p.149).…”

Section: Militarism Prison and The Prison‐military Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soldiering On? The Prison‐Military Complex and Ex‐Military Personnel as Prison Officers: Transition, Rehabilitation and Prison Reform

Moran

Turner

Arnold

2019

Howard J Crime Justice

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Arguing that criminology has thus far inadequately theorised militarism as it relates to the prison system, this agenda‐setting article introduces the ‘prison‐military complex’ as a means to initiate examination of militarism in relation to institutions and practices of incarceration. In so doing, it identifies a key knowledge gap vis‐à‐vis the role of ex‐military personnel employed as prison staff; and poses key questions about the ways in which military staff and military methods are being directly targeted as a means to reform a prison service reeling from unprecedented levels of violence, self‐harm, riots, and escapes. Encouraging criminologists to think beyond stereotypical ideas about the military, the article revolves around a multiscalar articulation of the prison‐military complex, discussed here as it relates to reform of the prison system as a whole; the rehabilitation of offenders; and individuals’ ex‐military transitions to civilian life.

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War and Militarism

Cited by 3 publications

References 20 publications

Drill, discipline and decency? Exploring the significance of prior military experience for prison staff culture

Drill, discipline and decency? Exploring the significance of prior military experience for prison staff culture

3D FEM Analysis of the Subsoil-Building Interaction

Soldiering On? The Prison‐Military Complex and Ex‐Military Personnel as Prison Officers: Transition, Rehabilitation and Prison Reform

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