War and Peace between Microbes: HIV-1 Interactions with Coinfecting Viruses

Lisco, Andrea; Vanpouille, Christophe; Margolis, Leonid

doi:10.1016/j.chom.2009.10.010

Cited by 28 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 55 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…CMV appears to be unique among chronic viral infections in its profound effect on the T-cell repertoire [33]. Two reasons for this may be its ability to upregulate the expression of several inflammatory mediators [34][35][36][37] while encoding its own cytokine and cytokine receptor homologs, allowing it to create an environment that favors its persistence and transmission [34,38,39]. CMV's effects in immune-competent hosts seem to be age dependent.…”

Section: And the Host Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytomegalovirus and HIV: A Dangerous Pas de Deux

2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adults who take stable antiretroviral therapy (ART) are at risk for early onset of agerelated diseases. This is likely due to a complex interaction between traditional risk factors, HIV infection itself, and other factors, such as underlying immune dysfunction and persistent inflammation. HIV disrupts the balance between the host and coinfecting microbes, worsening control of these potential pathogens. For example, HIV-infected adults are more likely than the general population to have subclinical bursts of cytomegalovirus (CMV) replication at mucosal sites. Production of antigens can activate the immune system and stimulate HIV replication, and it could contribute to the pathogenesis of adverse outcomes of aging, like cardiovascular disease and neurocognitive impairment. Further investigation of the relationships between CMV, immune dysfunction, and unsuccessful aging during chronic HIV infection is warranted.

show abstract

Section: And the Host Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytomegalovirus and HIV: A Dangerous Pas de Deux

2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…HIV-associated immunodeficiency results in suboptimal immune control of persistent herpesviruses such as CMV and EBV (93). Their reactivation and replication could provide a source of antigenic stimulation in HIV-1 infection (4,56).…”

Section: Cd8mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antigen-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms of T and B Cell Hyperactivation during Chronic HIV-1 Infection

Haas

Zimmermann

Oxenius

2011

J Virol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Continuous loss of CD4؉ T lymphocytes and systemic immune activation are hallmarks of untreated chronic HIV-1 infection. Chronic immune activation during HIV-1 infection is characterized by increased expression of activation markers on T cells, elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines, and B cell hyperactivation together with hypergammaglobulinemia. Importantly, hyperactivation of T cells is one of the best predictive markers for progression toward AIDS, and it is closely linked to CD4 ؉ T cell depletion and sustained viral replication. Aberrant activation of T cells is observed mainly for memory CD4؉ and CD8 ؉ T cells and is documented, in addition to increased expression of surface activation markers, by increased cell cycling and apoptosis. Notably, the majority of these activated T cells are neither HIV specific nor HIV infected, and the antigen specificities of hyperactivated T cells are largely unknown, as are the exact mechanisms driving their activation. B cells are also severely affected by HIV-1 infection, which is manifested by major changes in B cell subpopulations, B cell hyperactivation, and hypergammaglobulinemia. Similar to those of T cells, the mechanisms underlying this aberrant B cell activation remain largely unknown. In this review, we summarized current knowledge about proposed antigen-dependent and -independent mechanisms leading to lymphocyte hyperactivation in the context of HIV-1 infection.

show abstract

“…In vivo, EVs can interact with viruses and with each other either directly or via modulation of host responses, thus participating in a "War and Peace" between viruses and host (49,50). Some viruses induce the infected cells to release modified EVs that facilitate infection by increasing the pool of susceptible target cells (e.g., by increasing the number of activated cells) or their susceptibility to viral infection or by serving as decoys that absorb antiviral antibodies, thereby compromising antiviral immunity.…”

Section: To Be or Not To Be Infected: Evs In Pro-and Antiviral Stratementioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular vesicles and viruses: Are they close relatives?

Hoen

Cremer

Gallo

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

425

390

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by various cells are small phospholipid membrane-enclosed entities that can carry miRNA. They are now central to research in many fields of biology because they seem to constitute a new system of cell–cell communication. Physical and chemical characteristics of many EVs, as well as their biogenesis pathways, resemble those of retroviruses. Moreover, EVs generated by virus-infected cells can incorporate viral proteins and fragments of viral RNA, being thus indistinguishable from defective (noninfectious) retroviruses. EVs, depending on the proteins and genetic material incorporated in them, play a significant role in viral infection, both facilitating and suppressing it. Deciphering the mechanisms of EV-cell interactions may facilitate the design of EVs that inhibit viral infection and can be used as vehicles for targeted drug delivery.

show abstract

War and Peace between Microbes: HIV-1 Interactions with Coinfecting Viruses

Cited by 28 publications

References 55 publications

Cytomegalovirus and HIV: A Dangerous Pas de Deux

Cytomegalovirus and HIV: A Dangerous Pas de Deux

Antigen-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms of T and B Cell Hyperactivation during Chronic HIV-1 Infection

Extracellular vesicles and viruses: Are they close relatives?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About