Wards features associated with high rates of medication refusal by patients: a large multi-centred survey

Locked doors: a survey of patients, staff and visitors

“…2009), self‐harm (Bowers et al . 2008b) and medication refusal (Baker et al . 2008) when the door is locked.…”

“…2009), self‐harm (Bowers et al . 2008b) and medication refusal (Baker et al . 2008); however, the methodology of the study these papers reported was cross‐sectional, leaving open the question of cause: locked doors leading to more disturbed behaviour, or disturbed behaviour leading to the doors being kept locked.…”

Behavioural antecedents to pro re nata psychotropic medication administration on acute psychiatric wards

“…In addition, there is evidence that greater PRN administration is associated with non‐adherence with regular medication (Baker et al . ), although the direction of causality of this relationship is uncertain.…”

Coercion in Forensic Healthcare: A North American Perspective

“…Several scholars and psychiatrists have documented the legal implications for, and impact on, general psychiatry and forensic mental health (Appelbaum 1994(Appelbaum , 2004Bassman 2005;Caplan 2006;Cherry 2010;Heilbrun and Kramer 2005;Herbel and Stelmach 2006;Monahan et al 2005;Swanson et al 2007;Baker et al 2009;Bowers et al 2012;Glod 2010;Owiti and Bowers 2011;Skipworth et al 2012). This debate gained further impetus after the 1983 Massachusetts case of Rogers v. Commissioner (1983) where the court separated mental illness and capacity to make treatment decisions and held supreme the person's constitutional right of autonomy.…”