Warm-humid paleoclimate control of salinized lacustrine organic-rich shale deposition in the Oligocene Hetaoyuan Formation of the Biyang Depression, East China

Song, Yu; Li, Shuifu; Hu, Shouzhi

doi:10.1016/j.coal.2018.11.016

Cited by 65 publications

(39 citation statements)

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“…SLB = Songliao Basin, BYD = Biyang Depression, BBB = Bohai Bay Basin, and PRMB = Pearl River Mouth Basin. Data of BYD, BBB, and PRMB is from refs , and . (D) Cross-plot of phytane/C 18 n -alkane ratios vs pristane/C 17 n -alkane.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several biomarker parameters, including GI, ETR, and Pr/Ph ratios are used to reveal the paleoenvironment (paleosalinity and paleoredox conditions) in this study. The precursor of gammacerane is considered to be tetrahymanol (gammacerane-3β-ol), which is derived from bacterivorous ciliates thriving at or below the chemocline in stratified water columns. , Great abundance of gammacerane is generally associated with evaporite or hypersaline environments. ,, ETR has been applied successfully to reflect the paleosalinity in lacustrine basins. ,− A positive correlation is commonly present between ETR and GI, therefore high ETR is corresponding to high paleosalinity (Figure C). The Pr/Ph ratio is a widely used redox indicator, with ratios of <1.0, 1.0–3.0, and >3.0 are indicative of anoxic, dysoxic, and oxic environments, respectively .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…37,38 Great abundance of gammacerane is generally associated with evaporite or hypersaline environments. 5,39,40 ETR has been applied successfully to reflect the paleosalinity in lacustrine basins. 27,40−42 A positive correlation is commonly present between ETR and GI, therefore high ETR is corresponding to high paleosalinity (Figure 6C).…”

Section: Samples and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Algal-Microbial Community, Paleoenvironment, and Shale Oil Potential of Lacustrine Organic-Rich Shale in the Upper Cretaceous Nenjiang Formation of the Southern Central Depression, Songliao Basin (NE China)

Liu

Song

Xiang

et al. 2021

ACS Earth Space Chem.

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The Songliao Basin is the largest oilfield in China and across southeast Asia. The Upper Cretaceous Qingshankou and Nenjiang Formations in the basin comprise the source rocks for conventional oil and gas, as well as the primary exploration target for shale oil. Although the lacustrine organic-rich shale (LORS) in the first member of Nenjiang Formation (K 2 n 1) from the southern Central Depression is characterized by high organic matter (OM) abundance and the dominance of oil-prone kerogen, a study on the algal-microbial community, paleoenvironment, and shale oil potential of them is still lacking. Here, we address these issues based on the integration of bulk geochemical, organic petrographic, biomarker, scanning electron microscopic, and nitrogen gas adsorption analyses. The algal-microbial community was mainly composed of red algae, green algae, and dinoflagellates, together with bacteria and a minor proportion of land plants in the paleolake, which might be favorable for OM productivity. Saline to brackish and anoxic to dysoxic conditions were present in the paleolake, which were conducive to OM preservation. Both the favorable OM productivity and preservation conditions resulted in deposition of the K 2 n 1 LORS, which was characterized by high total organic carbon (TOC) contents and the dominance of oil-prone kerogen (type I). However, limited hydrocarbon generation potential of shale oil was present in the K 2 n 1 LORS, because of the relatively low maturity (early oil window maturity). Nano- to micrometer pores, including interparticle pores, intracrystalline pores, dissolution pores, and OM pores, formed two types of pore structures and pore size distributions in the K 2 n 1 LORS. In comparison with LORS from the first member of Qingshankou Formation (K 2 qn 1) in the study area, the K 2 n 1 LORS displays higher TOC and HI values, lower OSI and T max values, and a higher Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area and Barrett–Joyner–Halenda pore volume. The favorable area of shale oil in the K 2 n 1 LORS is proposed based on the integration of OM abundance, type, and maturity. In addition, the K 2 n 1 LORS buried with a depth of <1000 m may have great oil shale potential, which is suitable for in situ conversion processing. However, further research on the planar distributions of oil yield, shale thickness, underground water, laminar fractures, and OM pores of the K 2 n 1 LORS are needed. This work is not only beneficial for paleoecological reconstruction in the Songliao Basin during the K 2 n 1, but also provide guidance for regional unconventional hydrocarbon exploration in the future.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Samples and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Algal-Microbial Community, Paleoenvironment, and Shale Oil Potential of Lacustrine Organic-Rich Shale in the Upper Cretaceous Nenjiang Formation of the Southern Central Depression, Songliao Basin (NE China)

Liu

Song

Xiang

et al. 2021

ACS Earth Space Chem.

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“…All the point groups of U–Th, V/(V + Ni) and Cu–Zn showed a good correlation in this study (Figure A–C). Therefore, U, Th, U/Th, and V/(V + Ni) can be used as indicators for the measurement of the redox conditions of bottom water, in a way that their values increase with the increase of the reducing degree. − …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemistry of the Permian Oil Shale in the Northern Bogda Mountain, Junggar Basin, Northwest China: Implications for Weathering, Provenance, and Tectonic Setting

Sun

Liu

et al. 2020

ACS Earth Space Chem.

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The northern Bogda Mountain is located in the southern margin of the Junggar Basin in northwest China. Based on inorganic geochemistry of oil shale samples of the Middle Permian Lucaogou Formation, the depositional environment, weathering degree, the provenance, and tectonic background of the northern Bogda Mountain were determined. The oil shale in the study area was formed in the deep lake environment. The major and trace element ratios suggest that the oil shale was deposited under semi-humid to humid/warm conditions and a brackish water to salt water setting with strong reduction. The chemical index of alteration values indicates that the oil shale experienced weak to moderate weathering conditions. Geochemical data suggest that the parent rocks of oil shale in the Sangonghe area, the Wujiawan area, and the Dongdalongkou area were siliceous rocks from the North Tianshan Mountain, basalts from the Kelameili Mountain and siliceous rocks mixed with basalts from the North Tianshan Mountain, and the Kelameili Mountain, respectively. According to the parent rock types and the thickness distribution of oil shale, the sediment overspread of ancient rivers from the Kelameili Mountain was larger than that from the North Tianshan Mountains. Combined with the tectonic and sedimentary evolution, it can be inferred that the North Tianshan Mountain area and the Kelameili Mountain area were characterized by a continental collision island arc environment during the Carboniferous period. The differences of weathering and provenance led to the differences of nutrient lead phosphorus (P) between different regions of the ancient lake, which thus led to the lateral heterogeneity of oil shale in its thickness and quality.

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“…Organic-rich fine-grained sedimentary rocks indicate lower deposition rates and higher organic matter abundance levels than carbonate and siltstone, which typically record detailed palaeoclimate information (Picard, 1971;Schieber and Zimmerle, 1998). In lacustrine organic-rich mudstone, information on organic matter sources and composition is typically recorded; it also provides excellent material to reconstruct the sedimentary environment (Peters et al, 2005;Sun et al, 2013;Song et al, 2019;Liu et al, 2020;. Numerous published papers have proposed that the main factors controlling the enrichment of organic matter include bioproductivity, terrigenous clastic input, palaeosalinity, and redox conditions (Derenne et al, 2000;Song et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors controlling the distribution of oil shale layers in the Eocene Fushun Basin, NE China

Sun

Liu

et al. 2021

Marine and Petroleum Geology

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Warm-humid paleoclimate control of salinized lacustrine organic-rich shale deposition in the Oligocene Hetaoyuan Formation of the Biyang Depression, East China

Cited by 65 publications

References 49 publications

Algal-Microbial Community, Paleoenvironment, and Shale Oil Potential of Lacustrine Organic-Rich Shale in the Upper Cretaceous Nenjiang Formation of the Southern Central Depression, Songliao Basin (NE China)

Algal-Microbial Community, Paleoenvironment, and Shale Oil Potential of Lacustrine Organic-Rich Shale in the Upper Cretaceous Nenjiang Formation of the Southern Central Depression, Songliao Basin (NE China)

Geochemistry of the Permian Oil Shale in the Northern Bogda Mountain, Junggar Basin, Northwest China: Implications for Weathering, Provenance, and Tectonic Setting

Factors controlling the distribution of oil shale layers in the Eocene Fushun Basin, NE China

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