Warm season chloride concentrations in stream habitats of freshwater mussel species at risk

Todd, Aaron; Kaltenecker, Martin

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2012.07.040

Cited by 53 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Short-term spikes in road salt concentrations ≥113 mg Cl − /L can reduce the viability of glochidia (i.e. It is probable that road salts are inhibiting mussel recovery or triggering declines (Prosser, Rochfort, McInnis, Exall, & Gillis, 2017;Todd & Kaltenecker, 2012), but this area of research needs more scientific attention. Road salt can also increase the filtration behaviour of freshwater mussels, suggesting a need to flush road salt from the body (Hartmann, Beggel, Auerswald, Stoeckle, & Geist, 2016).…”

Section: Macroinvertebratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, up to 20% mussel mortality can occur in stream sediments contaminated with 3,000-4,000 mg Cl − /L (Roy, McInnis, Bickerton, & Gillis, 2015). It is probable that road salts are inhibiting mussel recovery or triggering declines (Prosser, Rochfort, McInnis, Exall, & Gillis, 2017;Todd & Kaltenecker, 2012), but this area of research needs more scientific attention.…”

Section: Freshwater Insects Can Be Relatively Tolerant To High Road Saltmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…sodium chloride (NaCl), magnesium chloride (MgCl 2 ), and calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ). Moreover, exposure to road salt also occurs during the warm seasons because of contaminated ground waters, which are discharged into freshwater ecosystems when replaced by rainfall (Kelly et al, 2008;Todd & Kaltenecker, 2012). Although these inorganic salts dissolve into their constitutive ions, the chloride (Cl − ) ion is not readily bio-transformed or broken down in a way that reduces Cl − toxicity over time.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of the species, community, and ecosystem impacts of road salt salinisation in fresh waters

2019

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Freshwater ecosystems worldwide are threatened by salinisation caused by human activities. Scientific attention on the ecological impacts of salinisation from road deicing salts is increasing exponentially. Spanning multiple trophic levels and ecosystem types, we review and synthesise the ecological impacts of road salt in freshwater ecosystems to understand species‐, community‐, and ecosystem‐level responses. In our review, we identify knowledge gaps that we hope will motivate future research directions. We found that road salts negatively affect species at all trophic levels, from biofilms to fish. The concentration at which road salt triggered an effect varied considerably. Species‐level impacts were generally sub‐lethal, leading to reductions in growth and reproduction, which can be magnified by natural stressors such as predation. Community‐level impacts including reductions of biodiversity were common, leading to communities of salt‐tolerant species, which may have implications for disease transmission from enhanced recruitment of salt‐tolerant host species such as mosquitoes. At the ecosystem level, road salts alter nutrient and energy flow. Contaminated wetlands could see greater export of greenhouse gases, streams will probably export more nitrogen and carbon, and lakes will encounter altered hydrology and oxygen dynamics, leading to greater phosphorus release from sediments. While it is necessary to keep roads safe for humans, the costs to freshwater ecosystems may be severe if actions are not taken to mitigate road salt salinisation. Cooperation among policy makers, environmental managers, transportation professionals, scientists, and the public will be crucial to prevent a loss of ecosystem services including water clarity, drinkable water, recreation venues, and fisheries.

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Section: Macroinvertebratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Freshwater Insects Can Be Relatively Tolerant To High Road Saltmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of the species, community, and ecosystem impacts of road salt salinisation in fresh waters

2019

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“…The inflow and deposition of road salt into roadside streams, ponds and other wetland is a continuous environmental threat for dependent aquatic biota. A series of studies have demonstrated the positive correlation between roadside stream chloride concentration and the anthropogenic source, with a high proportion to explain the variation of concentrations caused by road salt use (Todd and Kaltenecker, 2012). Elevated chloride concentration in surface water, sometimes as much as 22-fold in the course of a day, would result in severe toxicity to freshwater species, especially some environmentally sensitive aquatic species, such as freshwater mussels (Todd and Kaltenecker, 2012), amphibians (Collins and Russell, 2009), and benthic macroinvertebrates.…”

Section: Impacts To the Elements Of Natural Resourcesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…A series of studies have demonstrated the positive correlation between roadside stream chloride concentration and the anthropogenic source, with a high proportion to explain the variation of concentrations caused by road salt use (Todd and Kaltenecker, 2012). Elevated chloride concentration in surface water, sometimes as much as 22-fold in the course of a day, would result in severe toxicity to freshwater species, especially some environmentally sensitive aquatic species, such as freshwater mussels (Todd and Kaltenecker, 2012), amphibians (Collins and Russell, 2009), and benthic macroinvertebrates. The harmful influences for aquatic organisms may include impaired locomotor systems and reduced activities (Denoël et al, 2010), decreased survivorship and longevity (Karraker and Ruthig, 2009), unsuccessful reproduction and recovery (Gillis, 2011), and increased mortality of aquatic biota (Karraker et al, 2008).…”

Section: Impacts To the Elements Of Natural Resourcesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Review on the Toxicological Effects of Chloride-Based Deicers: Impacted Environments and Assessment Methods

Cui¹,

Fay²,

Shi³

2015

Environmental Sustainability in Transportation Infrastructure

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With the growing reliance on chloride-based deicers in winter roadway maintenance operations, the concerns over their adverse impacts have been highlighted in recent years, especially the direct stress that applied chemicals bring to the receiving roadside soil, water bodies, aquatic biota, and vegetation through snowmelt runoff, infiltration and wind blow. This work started from synthesizing current knowledge on the negative/toxicological effect of chloride-based snow and ice control products to the natural ecosystem, and then put an emphasis on the examination of typical methods used to assess the toxicity of chloride-based deicers on the water quality and aquatic biota in the laboratory and field tests. The summary focused on the species to test, calculation process, and influential factors in the laboratory test, followed by the field sample collection options, timing of sampling, key variables and bio-assessments in the field test to quantify toxicological effects of chloride-based chemicals. Finally, efforts on current theoretical research and the need for further work (e.g., field monitoring and bio-assessments or bio-monitoring over time, the effective correlation between laboratory toxicity data with field data, and the relationship among key variables and resulting toxicity index) were discussed.

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Environmental Risks of Snow and Ice Control Materials

Shi

Fay

2018

Sustainable Winter Road Operations

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Warm season chloride concentrations in stream habitats of freshwater mussel species at risk

Cited by 53 publications

References 33 publications

A review of the species, community, and ecosystem impacts of road salt salinisation in fresh waters

A review of the species, community, and ecosystem impacts of road salt salinisation in fresh waters

Review on the Toxicological Effects of Chloride-Based Deicers: Impacted Environments and Assessment Methods

Environmental Risks of Snow and Ice Control Materials

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