Warmer winters increase the rhizosphere carbon flow to mycorrhizal fungi more than to other microorganisms in a temperate grassland

Birgander, Johanna; Rousk, Johannes; Olsson, Pål Axel

doi:10.1111/gcb.13803

Cited by 29 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…These results suggest that warming may induce shifts from free-living saprotrophs toward AM fungi that could alter some ecosystem functions, such as soil carbons storage (Treseder and Lennon 2015). It has been demonstrated that winter warming can induce a disproportional increase in carbon provisioned by plants to AM compared to other fungi (Birgander, Rousk and Olsson 2017), which could possibly explain the increase in relative abundance of AM fungi during spring. Some studies also reported decrease in relative abundance of AM fungi under experimental warming (Rudgers et al 2014), while others reported no effect of temperature increase on this functional group (Heinemeyer et al 2004).…”

Section: The Response Of High-level Microbial Groups To Warmingmentioning

confidence: 89%

Prolonged exposure does not increase soil microbial community compositional response to warming along geothermal gradients

Radujković

Verbruggen

Sigurðsson

et al. 2017

FEMS Microbiology Ecology

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Global change is expected to affect soil microbial communities through their responsiveness to temperature. It has been proposed that prolonged exposure to elevated temperatures may lead to progressively larger effects on soil microbial community composition. However, due to the relatively short-term nature of most warming experiments, this idea has been challenging to evaluate. The present study took the advantage of natural geothermal gradients (from +1°C to +19°C above ambient) in two subarctic grasslands to test the hypothesis that long-term exposure (>50 years) intensifies the effect of warming on microbial community composition compared to short-term exposure (5-7 years). Community profiles from amplicon sequencing of bacterial and fungal rRNA genes did not support this hypothesis: significant changes relative to ambient were observed only starting from the warming intensity of +9°C in the long term and +7°C/+3°C in the short term, for bacteria and fungi, respectively. Our results suggest that microbial communities in high-latitude grasslands will not undergo lasting shifts in community composition under the warming predicted for the coming 100 years (+2.2°C to +8.3°C).

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Section: The Response Of High-level Microbial Groups To Warmingmentioning

confidence: 89%

Prolonged exposure does not increase soil microbial community compositional response to warming along geothermal gradients

Radujković

Verbruggen

Sigurðsson

et al. 2017

FEMS Microbiology Ecology

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“…In line with our first hypothesis, we found that soil respiration was less hampered by drought in soils under range expanders than in soils under native plant communities. Under moderate drought, plant species may increase root exudation and thereby maintain the activity of the soil microbial community in the root zone (Ahmed et al, ; Birgander, Rousk, & Olsson, ; Palta & Gregory, ; Preece & Peñuelas, ). However, we do not know whether plant origin in our study (native vs. range expander) resulted in different carbon inputs to the soil under drought.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil functional responses to drought under range‐expanding and native plant communities

et al. 2019

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Current climate warming enables plant species and soil organisms to expand their range to higher latitudes and altitudes. At the same time, climate change increases the incidence of extreme weather events such as drought. While it is expected that plants and soil organisms originating from the south are better able to cope with drought, little is known about the consequences of their range shifts on soil functioning under drought events.Here, we test how range‐expanding plant species and soil communities may influence soil functioning under drought. We performed a full‐factorial outdoor mesocosm experiment with plant communities of range expanders or related natives, with soil inocula from the novel or the original range, with or without summer drought. We measured litter decomposition, carbon mineralization and enzyme activities, substrate‐induced respiration and the relative abundance of soil saprophytic fungi immediately after drought and at 6 and 12 weeks after rewetting.Drought decreased all soil functions regardless of plant and soil origin except one; soil respiration was less reduced in soils of range‐expanding plant communities, suggesting stronger resistance to drought. After rewetting, soil functioning responses depended on plant and soil origin. Soils of native plant communities with a history of drought had more litter mass loss and higher relative abundance of saprophytic fungi than soils without drought and soils of range expanders. Functions of soil from range expanders recovered in a more conservative manner than soils of natives, as litter mass loss did not exceed the control rates. At the end of the experiment, after rewetting, most soil functions in mesocosms with drought history did not differ anymore from the control.We conclude that functional consequences of range‐expanding plants and soil biota may interact with effects of drought and that these effects are most prominent during the first weeks after rewetting of the soil. A free http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2435.13453/suppinfo can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.

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“…Consistent with the lack of microbial process adaptation to warming or season, the temperature sensitivity of microbial processes, the Q 10 values of microbial growth and respiration, also remained unaffected by warming and season. However, the microbial community composition responded significantly to the legacy of 2 years’ winter warming, suggesting a microbial response driven by indirect effects of warming, such as those mediated by the plant community (Birgander et al., ), while direct effects linked to temperature change were absent. We also note that the substrate depletion effect, sometimes observed in response to experimental warming (i.e., lowered respiration per SOC in warmed treatments; Melillo et al., ), did not occur in this experiment (Table ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The responses of microbial temperature relationships to seasonal change and winter warming in a temperate grassland

Birgander

Olsson

Rousk

2018

Global Change Biology

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Microorganisms dominate the decomposition of organic matter and their activities are strongly influenced by temperature. As the carbon (C) flux from soil to the atmosphere due to microbial activity is substantial, understanding temperature relationships of microbial processes is critical. It has been shown that microbial temperature relationships in soil correlate with the climate, and microorganisms in field experiments become more warm-tolerant in response to chronic warming. It is also known that microbial temperature relationships reflect the seasons in aquatic ecosystems, but to date this has not been investigated in soil. Although climate change predictions suggest that temperatures will be mostly affected during winter in temperate ecosystems, no assessments exist of the responses of microbial temperature relationships to winter warming. We investigated the responses of the temperature relationships of bacterial growth, fungal growth, and respiration in a temperate grassland to seasonal change, and to 2 years' winter warming. The warming treatments increased winter soil temperatures by 5-6°C, corresponding to 3°C warming of the mean annual temperature. Microbial temperature relationships and temperature sensitivities (Q ) could be accurately established, but did not respond to winter warming or to seasonal temperature change, despite significant shifts in the microbial community structure. The lack of response to winter warming that we demonstrate, and the strong response to chronic warming treatments previously shown, together suggest that it is the peak annual soil temperature that influences the microbial temperature relationships, and that temperatures during colder seasons will have little impact. Thus, mean annual temperatures are poor predictors for microbial temperature relationships. Instead, the intensity of summer heat-spells in temperate systems is likely to shape the microbial temperature relationships that govern the soil-atmosphere C exchange.

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Warmer winters increase the rhizosphere carbon flow to mycorrhizal fungi more than to other microorganisms in a temperate grassland

Cited by 29 publications

References 57 publications

Prolonged exposure does not increase soil microbial community compositional response to warming along geothermal gradients

Prolonged exposure does not increase soil microbial community compositional response to warming along geothermal gradients

Soil functional responses to drought under range‐expanding and native plant communities

The responses of microbial temperature relationships to seasonal change and winter warming in a temperate grassland

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