Warming and increased precipitation indirectly affect the composition and turnover of labile-fraction soil organic matter by directly affecting vegetation and microorganisms

Chen, Qiuyu; Niu, Bin; Hu, Yilun; Luo, Tianxiang; Zhang, Gengxin

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136787

Cited by 95 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Precipitation can directly in uence the microbial community through shifts in osmotic pressure and resource availability, which can induce responses related to microbial physiological stress, growth and metabolic activity [69]. Thus, precipitation de cits can limit soil microbe growth and activity by inhibiting the diffusion of nutrients and carbon substrates in soil samples [70]. Our results clearly indicated that precipitation exerted an indirect effect on microbial alpha and beta diversity via local environmental and energy supply-related variables, such as vegetation richness.…”

Section: Underlying Mechanisms Of Microbial Biodiversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature and Precipitation Drive Elevational Patterns of Microbial Beta Diversity in Alpine Grasslands

Yang

Niu

et al. 2021

Microb Ecol

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Understanding the mechanisms underlying biodiversity patterns is a central issue in ecology, while how temperature and precipitation jointly control the elevational patterns of microbes is understudied. Here, we studied the effects of temperature, precipitation and their interactions on the alpha and beta diversity of soil archaea and bacteria in alpine grasslands along an elevational gradient of 4,300-5,200 m on the Tibetan Plateau. Alpha diversity was examined on the basis of species richness and evenness, and beta diversity was quanti ed with the recently developed metric of local contributions to beta diversity (LCBD).Typical alpine steppe and meadow ecosystems were distributed below and above 4,850 m, respectively, which was consistent with the two main constraints of mean annual temperature (MAT) and mean annual precipitation (MAP). Species richness and evenness showed decreasing elevational patterns in archaea and nonsigni cant or U-shaped patterns in bacteria. The LCBD of both groups exhibited signi cant U-shaped elevational patterns, with the lowest values occurring at 4,800 m. For the three diversity metrics, soil pH was the primary explanatory variable in archaea, explaining over 20.1% of the observed variation, whereas vegetation richness, total nitrogen and the K/Al ratio presented the strongest effects on bacteria, with relative importance values of 16.1%, 12.5% and 11.6%, respectively. For the microbial community composition of both archaea and bacteria, the moisture index showed the dominant effect, explaining 17.6% of the observed variation, followed by MAT and MAP. Taken together, temperature and precipitation exerted considerable indirect effects on microbial richness and evenness through local environmental and energy supply-related variables, such as vegetation richness, whereas temperature exerted a larger direct in uence on LCBD and the community composition. Our ndings highlighted the profound in uence of temperature and precipitation interactions on microbial beta diversity in alpine grasslands on the Tibetan Plateau.

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Section: Underlying Mechanisms Of Microbial Biodiversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature and Precipitation Drive Elevational Patterns of Microbial Beta Diversity in Alpine Grasslands

Yang

Niu

et al. 2021

Microb Ecol

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“…Soil microorganisms are sensitive indicators of soil quality (Griffiths & Philippot, 2013) and are critical for maintaining soil function through processes such as organic matter decomposition and nutrient cycling (Joergensen & Wichern, 2018; Li, Zhang, Cai, Yang, & Chang, 2020; Lupwayi, May, Kanashiro, & Petri, 2018). Environmental characteristics often explain substantial variations in soil microbial community composition, including plant species, soil organic matter (SOM), and microclimate (temperature and moisture) (Chen, Niu, Hu, Luo, & Zhang, 2020; Delgado‐Baquerizo et al, 2018; Hansel, Fendorf, Jardine, & Francis, 2008); however, the characteristics of the microbial community and functional composition remain unclear. Previous studies have indicated that environmental characteristics were altered after the conversion of croplands to apple orchards (Li et al, 2015; Wang et al, 2018; Wiesmeier et al, 2019), owing to the use of various agricultural management strategies as well as differences in plant properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Converting croplands to orchards changes soil microbial community composition and co‐occurrence patterns

Wang

Zheng

et al. 2021

Land Degrad Dev

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Soil microorganisms are key to uncovering the mechanisms driving variation in soil biogeochemical processes associated with land-use change. A large number of croplands have been converted to orchards on the Chinese Loess Plateau due to the increased economic benefits which result. However, the microbial community and their functional composition remain poorly understood. In this study, soil samples were collected from croplands and orchards. Soil physicochemical properties and the community (represented by 16S rRNA for bacteria and ITS for fungi) were measured, and interactions among species and the soil organic matter (SOM) degradation via microbial metabolism and its associated genes were analyzed. Croplands converted to orchards affected bacterial and fungal community structure by increasing the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Ascomycota, whereas it decreased the α-diversity of bacteria and fungi. The cooccurrence network was larger and more complex within croplands than within orchards, indicating more extensive interactions and higher community stability potential. The abundance of potential genes related to cellulose and hemicellulose metabolism in orchards was higher than that in croplands, whereas the abundance of genes related to lignin decomposition was lower than that in croplands. In addition, the abundance of saprotrophic and symbiotrophic fungi in orchards was significantly lower than that in croplands (27 and 88%, respectively), whereas the abundance of pathotrophic fungi in orchards was almost six-times that in croplands. The soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil C:N in orchards were significantly lower than that in croplands. Converting croplands to orchards significantly altered the microbial community composition and their functionality, as well as decreased the complexity of interaction between microorganisms. The decreased SOC and increased soil C:N ratio could be attributed to these variations. Improved management practices should be implemented for the maintenance of soil biodiversity and SOC in orchards to avoid soil degradation and ensure sustainable development.

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“…Climate change affects ecosystems. In a recent experimental study on a soil ecosystem, warming temperature and increased precipitation were found to increase soil temperature and promote the growth of soil microorganisms [33]. Another study showed that warming temperature increased soil microbial activity across a temperature gradient and that the impact of warming was greater in regions with lower temperature [34].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 96%

Effects of climate changes and road exposure on the rapidly rising legionellosis incidence rates in the United States

Han

2021

PLoS ONE

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Legionellosis is an infection acquired through inhalation of aerosols that are contaminated with environmental bacteria Legionella spp. The bacteria require warm temperature for proliferation in bodies of water and moist soil. The legionellosis incidence in the United States has been rising rapidly in the past two decades without a clear explanation. In the meantime, the US has recorded consecutive years of above-norm temperature since 1997 and precipitation surplus since 2008. The present study analyzed the legionellosis incidence in the US during the 20-year period of 1999 to 2018 and correlated with concurrent temperature, precipitation, solar ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation, and vehicle mileage data. The age-adjusted legionellosis incidence rates rose exponentially from 0.40/100,000 in 1999 (with 1108 cases) to 2.69/100,000 in 2018 (with 9933 cases) at a calculated annual increase of 110%. In regression analyses, the rise correlated with an increase in vehicle miles driven and with temperature and precipitation levels that have been above the 1901–2000 mean since 1997 and 2008, respectively, suggesting more road exposure to traffic-generated aerosols and promotive effects of anomalous climate. Remarkably, the regressions with cumulative anomalies of temperature and precipitation were robust (R2 ≥ 0.9145, P ≤ 4.7E-11), implying possible changes to microbial ecology in the terrestrial and aquatic environments. An interactive synergy between annual precipitation and vehicle miles was also found in multiple regressions. Meanwhile, the bactericidal UVB radiation has been decreasing, which also contributed to the rising incidence in an inverse correlation. The 2018 legionellosis incidence peak corresponded to cumulative effects of the climate anomalies, vast vehicle miles (3,240 billion miles, 15904 km per capita), record high precipitation (880.1 mm), near record low UVB radiation (7488 kJ/m2), and continued above-norm temperature (11.96°C). These effects were examined and demonstrated in California, Florida, New Jersey, Ohio, and Wisconsin, states that represent diverse incidence rates and climates. The incidence and above-norm temperature both rose most in cold Wisconsin. These results suggest that warming temperature and precipitation surplus have likely elevated the density of Legionella bacteria in the environment, and together with road exposure explain the rapidly rising incidence of legionellosis in the United States. These trends are expected to continue, warranting further research and efforts to prevent infection.

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Warming and increased precipitation indirectly affect the composition and turnover of labile-fraction soil organic matter by directly affecting vegetation and microorganisms

Cited by 95 publications

References 63 publications

Temperature and Precipitation Drive Elevational Patterns of Microbial Beta Diversity in Alpine Grasslands

Temperature and Precipitation Drive Elevational Patterns of Microbial Beta Diversity in Alpine Grasslands

Converting croplands to orchards changes soil microbial community composition and co‐occurrence patterns

Effects of climate changes and road exposure on the rapidly rising legionellosis incidence rates in the United States

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