Warming Reduces Pathogen Pressure on a Climate-Vulnerable Seagrass Species

Olsen, Ylva S.; Potouroglou, Maria; Garcías-Bonet, Neus; Duarte, Carlos M.

doi:10.1007/s12237-014-9847-9

Cited by 26 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Yet, it is also increasingly evident that host-pathogenenvironment interactions can be inherently complex, even for a single host-species system, with differing host and pathogen responses to abiotic factors (and other potentially nonlinear results from integrating two biological systems) confounding predictions for emerging infectious diseases as climate warming and other environmental stressors (e.g., intensive development along coastal ecosystems) persist (Lafferty and Holt 2003;Plowright et al 2008;Woolhouse 2011;Rohr et al 2013). For example, Olsen et al (2015) provide evidence of warmer waters (>28°C) as refugia from Mediterranean Labyrinthula infections in Posidonia oceanica, an outcome supported by the metabolic theory of ecology (Rohr et al 2013). It has also been demonstrated recently that the effects of multi-stress exposure (varying temperature, salinity and sediment sulfide levels) on the interaction of Labyrinthula isolate 8b (haplotype 8, species E) and T. testudinum strongly influence pathogen viability and virulence (Bishop 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Functional, Phylogenetic and Host-Geographic Signatures of Labyrinthula spp. Provide for Putative Species Delimitation and a Global-Scale View of Seagrass Wasting Disease

Martín

Chiari

Boone

et al. 2016

Estuaries and Coasts

102

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Seagrass meadows form ecologically and economically valuable coastal habitat on every continental margin except the Antarctic, but their areal extent is declining by approximately 2-5 % per year. Seagrass wasting disease is a contributing factor in these declines, with the protist Labyrinthula identified as the etiologic agent. To help elucidate the role of Labyrinthula spp. in global seagrass declines, we surveyed roughly one fourth of all seagrass species to identify Labyrinthula diversity at the strain and/or species level, combining results from culturing methods and two common nuclear DNA markers: the ITS and 18S regions of the ribosomal RNA gene complex. After assaying a subset of the resulting isolates (of which 170 were newly sequenced), we produced a cladogenic context for putative seagrasspathogenic versus non-pathogenic Labyrinthula while also defining host and geographic ranges. Assays also suggest that pathogenicity is consistently high (when present; and, even when comparing susceptibility of US East-versus West Coast Zostera marina hosts) while virulence is variable, that some isolate-host combinations have the potential for host cross-infection, and that several modes of transmission can be effective. Taken together, these data provide additional means for delimiting putative species of Labyrinthula, suggesting at least five seagrass-pathogenic and perhaps ten or more non-pathogenic marine Bspecies^, yielding a working definition for ecologists and epidemiologists attempting to reconcile the sundry data related to seagrass wasting disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Functional, Phylogenetic and Host-Geographic Signatures of Labyrinthula spp. Provide for Putative Species Delimitation and a Global-Scale View of Seagrass Wasting Disease

Martín

Chiari

Boone

et al. 2016

Estuaries and Coasts

102

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Yet results of studies into the role of environmental and physiological factors on disease susceptibility, such as increased temperature (Olsen et al. ) and salinity (Trevathan et al. ) offered surprisingly contrary results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Host stress is thought to increase susceptibility of seagrass to disease. Yet results of studies into the role of environmental and physiological factors on disease susceptibility, such as increased temperature (Olsen et al 2015) and salinity (Trevathan et al 2011) offered surprisingly contrary results. This suggests further studies are needed to decouple host-pathogen-environment conditions that may lead to epidemic disease events.…”

Section: Directions For Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, temperature is known to drive infectious disease prevalence in a variety of organisms, especially those without a known immune response to infection (Harvell et al 2009). Yet, a recent study found that warming was not correlated with increased disease response in seagrasses infected with Labyrinthula (Olsen et al 2015). Understanding hostparasite interactions in relation to temperature will require not only acknowledging the effects of temperature increase on tolerant species and their pathogenicity but also the impact on less tolerant species and their role in the ecosystem.…”

Section: Directions For Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The First Isolation and Characterisation of the Protist Labyrinthula sp. in Southeastern Australia

Sullivan

Robinson

Trevathan-Tackett

et al. 2017

J Eukaryotic Microbiology

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As a result of anthropogenic influences and global climate change, emerging infectious marine diseases are thought to be increasingly more common and more severe than in the past. The aim of our investigation was to confirm the presence of Labyrinthula, the aetiological agent of the seagrass wasting disease, in Southeastern Australia and provide the first isolation and characterisation of this protist, in Australia. Colonies and individual cells were positively identified as Labyrinthula using published descriptions, diagrams, and photographs. Their identity was then confirmed using DNA barcoding of a region of the 18S rRNA gene. Species level identification of isolates was not possible as the taxonomy of the Labyrinthula is still poorly resolved. Still, a diversity of Labyrinthula was isolated from small sections of the southeast coast of Australia. The isolates were grouped into three haplotypes that are biogeographically restricted. These haplotypes are closely related to previously identified saprotrophic clades. The study highlights the need for further investigation into the global distribution of Labyrinthula, including phylogenetic pathogenicity and analysis of host-parasite interactions in response to stressors. Given the results of our analyses, it is prudent to continue research into disease and epidemic agents to better prepare researchers for potential future outbreaks.

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“…The demand of coral reefs increasing steadily due to their useful natural products. As the economy of any country grows, the adverse impacts slowly get imprinted on the ecosystem (Hunter et al, 1995;Haapkyla et al, 2007;Olsen et al, 2015). The marine ecosystem nowadays gets contaminated by various types of pollutants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Usage Of Gelatin-Virus Balls And Liquid Virus Filled Gelatin Capsules To Control Coral Reef Diseases: Model For Phage Therapy

Rekadwad

Khobragade

2016

ESJ

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Coral reefs are very sensitive to environmental pollution. Coral reefs frequently get infected by various bacteria, fungi, marine algae and protozoa. The diseases include Bacterial Infections (BI), Fungal Infections (FI), Black Band Disease (BBD), Black Overgrowing Cyanophyta (BOC), Black Aggressive Band (BAB), Lethal Orange Disease (LOD), Skeleton Eroding Band (SED), PEYssonnelia (PEY), PNEophyllum (PNE) and White Syndromes (WS). Here in we have proposed a proposed model in which cold water soluble gelatin will be used to prepare Gelatin virus balls (GVB) and Liquid virus filled and sealed gelatin capsules (LVFSGC). GVB and LVFSGC will be prepared as per standard protocol in the form of paintballs and capsules. Above mentioned infecting agents of Coral reefs will be used as inoculum for production their production on the pilot scale. These produced infecting agents will be added with specific viruses of infecting agent (host-specific viruses). After the lysis of cell (naturally/artificially), lysate containg host-specific viruses will be used as infecting viruses to the Coral reef infecting agents. This lysate will be used for preparation of GVB and LVFSGC. These paintballs and capsules contain host-specific viruses can be made to release on a surface of sea water and dispersed on affected coral reefs zone naturally by Sea water current/waves. The dispersed viruses from GVB and LVFSGC will attach to their host. Ultimately, the diseasecausing agent may be killed and the coral reef infection will be removed from sea water without any harm to the environment. GVB and LVFSGC will be used for the release of viruses against disease-causing agents. The GVB and LVFSGC will systematically kill and save the coral reefs.

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Warming Reduces Pathogen Pressure on a Climate-Vulnerable Seagrass Species

Cited by 26 publications

References 42 publications

Functional, Phylogenetic and Host-Geographic Signatures of Labyrinthula spp. Provide for Putative Species Delimitation and a Global-Scale View of Seagrass Wasting Disease

Functional, Phylogenetic and Host-Geographic Signatures of Labyrinthula spp. Provide for Putative Species Delimitation and a Global-Scale View of Seagrass Wasting Disease

The First Isolation and Characterisation of the Protist Labyrinthula sp. in Southeastern Australia

Usage Of Gelatin-Virus Balls And Liquid Virus Filled Gelatin Capsules To Control Coral Reef Diseases: Model For Phage Therapy

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