Warming Strengthens the Ecological Role of Intraspecific Variation in a Predator

Fryxell, David C.; Palkovacs, Eric P.

doi:10.1643/ce-16-527

Cited by 29 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 76 publications

(76 reference statements)

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“…Fish remained in each mesocosm for 3 weeks. Three‐week duration of this experiment is similar to that of other mosquitofish mesocosm experiments, which documented consistent ecological consequences of mosquitofish phenotype (Fryxell & Palkovacs, ), and was long‐enough for us to observe consistent ecological effects of mosquitofish presence and phenotype (see section 3).…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 65%

Phenotypic and community consequences of captive propagation in mosquitofish

Wood

Fryxell

Robinson

et al. 2019

Journal of Applied Ecology

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Captive propagation can lead to phenotypic change in fish populations, but the broader community‐level consequences of captive phenotypes remain largely unknown. We investigate the degree to which captive propagation alters the phenotypes and ecological roles of fish stocked into wild communities. We focus on captive propagation of western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) for biocontrol, which represents one of the largest scale production efforts for any fish released into the wild. Captive propagation in mosquitofish consistently generated novel mixtures of morphological and behavioural traits that deviate from those of wild populations. A mesocosm experiment showed that mosquitofish from captive propagation facilities differ from wild fish in their effects on aquatic community structure by shifting their consumption to less‐mobile, benthic prey. Synthesis and applications. Captive‐propagated and translocated wild fish stocks not only differ in phenotype, but can have substantially different ecological effects on the communities into which they are introduced. Therefore, captive propagation programmes involving continual release should expand their concerns beyond altered phenotypes and fitness to include whether propagated fish actually provide the intended ecological roles and services associated with their wild counterparts. Infusions of wild alleles and captive environments that mimic wild conditions are recommended strategies to retain the desired ecological role of captive‐propagated fish.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 65%

Phenotypic and community consequences of captive propagation in mosquitofish

Wood

Fryxell

Robinson

et al. 2019

Journal of Applied Ecology

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“…Although it is yet unknown whether the degree of evolution here is sufficient to significantly alter ecological dynamics, it is clear that this evolution can happen over the short time scales required to potentially affect these outcomes in the nearterm future. Indeed, a young but growing literature suggests that rapid evolution and body size changes may significantly mediate the ecological consequences of warming [15,16,18,[70][71][72]. Thus, if we aim to forecast the ecological consequences of warming for populations, ecosystems and society, we may need to incorporate body size and growth evolution into these models.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent warming reduces the reproductive advantage of large size and contributes to evolutionary downsizing in nature

et al. 2020

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Body size is a key functional trait that is predicted to decline under warming. Warming is known to cause size declines via phenotypic plasticity, but evolutionary responses of body size to warming are poorly understood. To test for warming-induced evolutionary responses of body size and growth rates, we used populations of mosquitofish ( Gambusia affinis ) recently established (less than 100 years) from a common source across a strong thermal gradient (19–33°C) created by geothermal springs. Each spring is remarkably stable in temperature and is virtually closed to gene flow from other thermal environments. Field surveys show that with increasing site temperature, body size distributions become smaller and the reproductive advantage of larger body size decreases. After common rearing to reveal recently evolved trait differences, warmer-source populations expressed slowed juvenile growth rates and increased reproductive effort at small sizes. These results are consistent with an adaptive basis of the plastic temperature–size rule, and they suggest that temperature itself can drive the evolution of countergradient variation in growth rates. The rapid evolution of reduced juvenile growth rates and greater reproduction at a small size should contribute to substantial body downsizing in populations, with implications for population dynamics and for ecosystems in a warming world.

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“…Eco‐evolutionary feedbacks in aquatic ecosystems have been studied primarily through the perspectives of trophic interactions and nutrient recycling (Matthews, Narwani et al, ; Post & Palkovacs, ; Schoener, ). The presence of eco‐evo feedbacks in aquatic microcosms is now incontrovertible with evidence for eco‐evo effects outside of laboratory experiments for a wide variety of aquatic taxa, including zooplankton (Matthews, Hausch, Winter, Suttle, & Shurin, ; Miner, Meester, Pfrender, Lampert, & Hairston, ), aquatic macroinvertebrates (Ousterhout, Graham, Hasik, Serrano, & Siepielski, ), amphibians (Reinhardt, Steinfartz, Paetzold, & Weitere, ; Urban, ) and fishes (Auer et al, ; Carlson, Quinn, & Hendry, ; Fryxell & Palkovacs, ; Tuckett, Simon, & Kinnison, ). Here, we detail evidence for feedbacks in three fish study systems—alewife, guppies and threespine stickleback in the context of Figure .…”

Section: Evidence Of Eco‐evolutionary Feedbacks Across Terrestrial Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feedbacks link ecosystem ecology and evolution across spatial and temporal scales: Empirical evidence and future directions

et al. 2019

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Unifying ecosystem ecology and evolutionary biology promises a more complete understanding of the processes that link different levels of biological organization across space and time. Feedbacks across levels of organization link theory associated with eco‐evolutionary dynamics, niche construction and the geographic mosaic theory of co‐evolution. We describe a conceptual model, which builds upon previous work that shows how feedback among different levels of biological organization can link ecosystem and evolutionary processes over space and time. We provide empirical examples across terrestrial and aquatic systems that indicate broad generality of the conceptual framework and discuss its macroevolutionary consequences. Our conceptual model is based on three premises: genetically based species interactions can vary spatially and temporally from positive to neutral (i.e. no net feedback) to negative and drive evolutionary change; this evolutionary change can drive divergence in niche construction and ecosystem function; and lastly, such ecosystem‐level effects can reinforce spatiotemporal variation in evolutionary dynamics. Just as evolution can alter ecosystem function locally and across the landscape differently, variation in ecosystem processes can drive evolution locally and across the landscape differently. By highlighting our current knowledge of eco‐evolutionary feedbacks in ecosystems, as well as information gaps, we provide a foundation for understanding the interplay between biodiversity and ecosystem function through an eco‐evolutionary lens. A http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2435.13267/suppinfo is available for this article.

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Warming Strengthens the Ecological Role of Intraspecific Variation in a Predator

Cited by 29 publications

References 76 publications

Phenotypic and community consequences of captive propagation in mosquitofish

Phenotypic and community consequences of captive propagation in mosquitofish

Recent warming reduces the reproductive advantage of large size and contributes to evolutionary downsizing in nature

Feedbacks link ecosystem ecology and evolution across spatial and temporal scales: Empirical evidence and future directions

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