Warming-Up for Resistance Training and Muscular Performance: A Narrative Review

Neves, Pedro; Alves, Ana Ruivo; Marinho, Daniel A.; Neiva, Henrique P.

doi:10.5772/intechopen.96075

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 28 publications

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“…16,17 It prepares the players for the demands of the exercise, i.e., to obtain an optimal physical and psychological state; improve muscle dynamics so that they are less inclined to injury, i.e., through kinetic and coordinated preparation; and enhance subsequent competition or training performance. 16,17 The most significant warm-up method used by players is stretching. Static stretching has been found to have counterproductive impacts on performance in prior studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study to evaluate the immediate effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation verses active dynamic stretching during warm-up on 20-meter sprint in amateur soccer players

Dsouza,

Kumar

2024

Int J Res Med Sci

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Background: Soccer is a highly popular sport and is played worldwide. It is an explosive sport and has a high incidence of injuries. In soccer, sprinting dominates the majority of the game, and it imposes a demand on players to have strong, flexible, and dynamic lower limbs. Amateur soccer players don’t usually practice warm-ups before their matches; hence, an appropriate warm-up protocol is required that can be incorporated into the training routine of players to avoid injuries and improve performance. The current study aims to evaluate and compare the immediate effect of PNF stretching versus active dynamic stretching during warm-up on 20-meter sprint performance in amateur soccer players. Methods: According to the inclusion criteria, 80 amateur soccer players participated in this cross-sectional study design. They were randomly distributed into 2 groups: A) PNF stretching (N = 40) and B) active dynamic stretching (N = 40). Participants in both groups performed the 20-meter sprint test initially, followed by their respective warm-up intervention, after which the 20-meter sprint test was repeated and new readings were recorded. Results: Both Group A and Group B showed improved performance; however, Group B was significantly better. (p value<0.05). Conclusions: This study therefore concludes that both PNF and active dynamic stretching can be used as a warm-up protocol. However, according to the inter-group comparison, active dynamic stretching shows a noteworthy improvement in 20-m sprint performance in amateur soccer players.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study to evaluate the immediate effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation verses active dynamic stretching during warm-up on 20-meter sprint in amateur soccer players

Dsouza,

Kumar

2024

Int J Res Med Sci

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Intra-rater and Inter-rater Reliability of the KangaTech (KT360) Fixed Frame Dynamometry System During Maximal Isometric Strength Measurements of the Knee Flexors.

Woolhead,

Partner,

Parsley

et al. 2024

International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy

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Background Fixed-frame dynamometry systems are used worldwide to assess isometric strength in both general and athletic populations. There is currently a paucity of published work where reliability estimates for fixed-frame dynamometry systems have been estimated. The aim of this study was to determine the inter-and intra-rater reliability of the KangaTech (KT360) fixed frame dynamometry system when measuring maximal isometric strength of the knee flexor muscles. Study Design Inter and intra-rater reliability single cohort study. Methods Twenty healthy university-level athletes (age= 21.65 ± 3 years, weight= 74.465 ± 30kg, height= 170.1 ± 7.0cm) took part in two testing sessions where two raters collected data during a 90° hip and knee flexion protocol. Participants performed each test twice, building to a maximal isometric contraction holding over a 5 second period with 30 second rest between sets. Data were checked for normality using a Shapiro-Wilk test. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM) and minimal detectable change (MDC) were calculated. Finally, a Bland-Altman analysis was used to determine the levels of agreement for intra-and inter-rater measurements. Results High levels of agreement were demonstrated between left and right knee flexion as 95% of the differences were less than two standard deviations away from the mean. ‘Almost perfect’ intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values were demonstrated (Knee flexion: Inter-rater: Left, 0.99; Right, 0.99; Intra-rater: Left, 0.99; Right:0.99). Standard error of measurement (SEM) for inter-and intra-rater strength ranged from 0.26-0.69 kg, SEM% ranged from 1.34-2.71% and minimal detectable change (MDC) ranged from 1.14-2.31kg. Conclusion Overall, high level of inter-and intra-rater reliability were demonstrated when testing maximal isometric knee flexion. Therefore, the KT360 fixed frame dynamometry system may be considered a viable tool for measuring maximal isometric contraction of the knee flexors when repeat measures are required in clinical settings. Level of Evidence 3b

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Warming-Up for Resistance Training and Muscular Performance: A Narrative Review

Cited by 2 publications

References 28 publications

A study to evaluate the immediate effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation verses active dynamic stretching during warm-up on 20-meter sprint in amateur soccer players

A study to evaluate the immediate effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation verses active dynamic stretching during warm-up on 20-meter sprint in amateur soccer players

Intra-rater and Inter-rater Reliability of the KangaTech (KT360) Fixed Frame Dynamometry System During Maximal Isometric Strength Measurements of the Knee Flexors.

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