Wartenberg pendulum test: objective quantification of muscle tone in children with spastic diplegia undergoing selective dorsal rhizotomy

Nordmark, Eva; Andersson, Gustav

doi:10.1017/s001216220100161x

Cited by 46 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Additionally, the position itself has not been found to have an important influence on the different measurements recorded in the Pendulum test (Brown, Lawson, Leslie, & Part, 1988). However, the Wartenberg Pendulum test relies on participants being relaxed and not resisting or assisting the pendular movement (Nordmark & Anderson, 2002). Such voluntary movements have been observed and reported in previous studies that have used the Wartenberg Pendulum test (Brown, Lawson, Leslie, & Part, 1988).…”

Section: Goniometer Velcro Belts/ Mounting Strapsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The leg is lifted by the examiner to horizontal position and then released to swing freely like a pendulum under the force of gravity. The leg is expected to swing smoothly with regular and gradually decreasing movements (Brown, Lawson, Leslie, & Part, 1988;Nordmark & Anderson, 2002).…”

Section: Cerebellar Deficit and Reading Disability 129mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This position was used by Nordmark and Anderson (2002) with the young children (ages ranging from 2.3 to 8.8) who participated in their study. As they have suggested, this position, while not standardized, had its advantages because children were comfortable and able to tolerate the test well.…”

Section: Goniometer Velcro Belts/ Mounting Strapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Is a cerebellar deficit the underlying cause of reading disabilities?

Irannejad

Savage

2011

Ann. of Dyslexia

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This thesis critically appraised the Cerebellar Deficit Theory (CDT) which claims to provide a parsimonious explanation of the two most prominent existing cognitive deficit theories of dyslexia, namely the phonological and the speed naming deficit theories. Specifically, a mild congenital cerebellar deficit is proposed to give rise to a series of impairments that eventually lead to difficulties in rapid naming, phonological processing and reading. Conceptual problems with the theoretical model behind the CDT were first identified and discussed. The behavioral evidence related to CDT was then evaluated. Following this evaluation, four major questions related to CDT were examined: (1) Was there a relationship between word reading as measured by word identification task and (a) phonological awareness, (b) reading fluency and rapid automatized naming, and (c) purported cerebellar processing tas ks?; (2) Did a subgroup of children with dyslexia selected from the sample for this thesis differ in their performance on any of the motor, cerebellar, reading, phonological, and rapid naming measures when compared to a reading-age (RA) and chronological-age (CA) match control subgroup selected from the same sample?; (3) Did any of these group differences remain when the effect of attention was controlled statistically?; and (4) Un déficit phonologique, indépendant de tout déficit cérébelleux, a semblé fournir l"explication la plus convaincante des difficultés en lecture du sous-groupe de dyslexiques par rapport aux lecteurs typiques.vi Acknowledgments

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Section: Goniometer Velcro Belts/ Mounting Strapsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Cerebellar Deficit and Reading Disability 129mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Is a cerebellar deficit the underlying cause of reading disabilities?

Irannejad

Savage

2011

Ann. of Dyslexia

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“…Concurrent validity between GMFCS level and the 'Handicap score' from the International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps (since revised by the World Health Organization as the International Classification of Functioning) 13 was excellent, and in the mobility dimension was supported by a Spearman's correlation of 0.95 (p<0.0001). 14 As a mark of its status, correlations with the GMFCS have been used to test the validity of other measurement scales for spasticity, 15 parents' perceptions of mobility, 16 and manual dexterity. 17 The GMFCS as a measure of locomotor disability at ages 2 and 4 years has been used in predictive validity studies of neonatal assessments such as health status 'scores', 18,19 specific magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography findings, 20 and infant movement patterns.…”

Section: Measurement Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gross Motor Function Classification System: impact and utility

Morris

Bartlett

2004

Develop Med Child Neuro

177

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“…Many researchers have attempted to quantify the spinal cord stretch reflex from this pendulum motion in order to diagnose spasticity (Fowler et al, 2000;Kaeser et al, 1998;Lin & Rymer, 1991;Nordmark & Andersson, 2002;Stillman & McMeeken, 1995;Vodovnik et al, 1984). However, even today, much remains unknown about the relationship between this pendulum motion and the mechanism that produces the stretch reflex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%