Was SARS a mental health catastrophe?

Maunder, Robert G.

doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2009.04.004

Cited by 142 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…As the number of patients affected by this pandemic continues to increase, the psychiatric professionparticularly in Asian countriesfaces both a challenge and an opportunity; the challenge of addressing the numerous barriers and limitations identified in the above literature, but also the opportunity to implement those suggestions or recommendations which are feasible at a local or regional level. The long-term mental health impact of COVID-19 may take weeks or months to become fully apparent, and managing this impact requires concerted effort not just from psychiatrists but from the health care system at large (Maunder, 2009). There is a need for further research, even in the form of preliminary or pilot studies, to assess the scope of this pandemic in other countries, particularly in those where mental health infrastructure is less developed and the impact is likely to be more severe (Duan and Zhu, 2020).…”

Section: Conclusion and Further Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 and mental health: A review of the existing literature

Rajkumar

2020

Asian Journal of Psychiatry

3,092

126

2,535

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Background: Currently, there are few studies analyzing how COVID-19 has impacted the chiropractic profession. A recent paper, however, analyzed changes made to chiropractic practice by comparing the 7 different international regions represented by the World Federation of Chiropractic (WFC). In overall healthcare, there is limited research on specialty-based stress levels both before and during COVID-19. Our survey was conducted to collect self-reported data on how COVID-19 has affected U.S. doctors of chiropractic. Methods: An electronic survey was sent to U.S. chiropractors nationwide via social media and email. The survey collected personal and practice demographic information, o ce protocols, changes made during COVID-19, chiropractic profession opinions/stances, information related to stress, and personal beliefs/opinions. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: 750 U.S. chiropractors responded. Just over half of respondents reported moderate levels of stress, and just over 30% reported severe levels due to a variety of reasons related to both personal and professional circumstances. The primary stressors were nancial and business concerns. The highest stress levels were among employers responsible for others. A majority reported beliefs that the chiropractic profession should not advertise that spinal manipulation provides any immune system bene t. 13% of the respondents believed chiropractors should be marketing immune bene ts during this time. A shift toward telehealth was reported, with 18% adding it to their services. Conclusion: Stress levels were high across the population. A range of opinions existed regarding spinal manipulation and immunity bene ts. The majority reported there was not su cient evidence to support such a belief; however, a group of respondents believed that chiropractors should be marketing immune-enhancing bene ts to the population. A logical next step would be to study why such beliefs persist. This information may be useful in better understanding how chiropractors have experienced the global effects of COVID-19 across the United States. Background A novel coronavirus emerged from Wuhan, China in December of 2019. International travel and community spread allowed Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) to quickly become a global pandemic in early 2020. The rst case of COVID-19 in the United States was con rmed in January 2020 (1). By May 12, 2020, there were over 1.3 million con rmed cases in the U.S. along with more than 80,000 deaths. This has increased subsequently (2). The federal government offered guidance to limit spread (3), but governors of individual states were directed to make their own decisions regarding their response (4). This led to heterogeneous responses across the U.S. with many but not all states implementing stay-at-home orders (5). These orders have had profound economic effects, where even the healthcare sector has suffered. This sector of the U.S. economy has seen an 18% drop in healthcare spending with multiple health systems reporting drops ...

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Section: Conclusion and Further Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 and mental health: A review of the existing literature

Rajkumar

2020

Asian Journal of Psychiatry

3,092

126

2,535

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“…Some medical staff showed signs of excitement, irritability, reluctance to rest, and psychological distress in response to the outbreak, but they refused to admit psychological distress and receive any psychological help (Chen et al 2020b). Additionally, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was the most severe outcome in patients and medical care workers after the SARS epidemic (Maunder 2009). Therefore, in response to the COVID-19 epidemic, psychiatric and psychological problems are an important issue in patients and medical staff.…”

Section: Clinical Symptoms and Evidence Of Nervous System Involvementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the COVID-19 pandemic, environmental stress such as the fear to be affected, quarantine, the experience of breath difficulty, or all kinds of complains in patients leads to different psychiatric disorders as similar to those in SARS epidemic (Maunder 2009). Under these situations, stressor-dependent corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) is released from hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) neurons in susceptible individuals and further activates the hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis by binding to the CRH receptors in the anterior pituitary gland to stimulate the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) (Futch et al 2017;Kumar et al 2013;Sanders and Nemeroff 2016;Soria et al 2018).…”

Section: Possible Mechanisms Of Psychiatric Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Involvement of the Nervous System in SARS-CoV-2 Infection

2020

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As a severe and highly contagious infectious disease, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a global pandemic. Several case reports have demonstrated that the respiratory system is the main target in patients with COVID-19, but the disease is not limited to the respiratory system. Case analysis indicated that the nervous system can be invaded by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and that 36.4% of COVID-19 patients had neurological symptoms. Importantly, the involvement of the CNS may be associated with poor prognosis and disease worsening. Here, we discussed the symptoms and evidence of nervous system involvement (directly and indirectly) caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection and possible mechanisms. CNS symptoms could be a potential indicator of poor prognosis; therefore, the prevention and treatment of CNS symptoms are also crucial for the recovery of COVID-19 patients.

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“…Thus, the knowledge and experience gained from SARS should be regarded as a dress rehearsal for the catastrophe that could emerge from an influenza pandemic or similar emergent infectious disease [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for chronic post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in SARS survivors

Mak

Chu

Pan

et al. 2010

General Hospital Psychiatry

233

205

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The study of PTSD at 30 months post-SARS showed that the predictive value of acute medical variables may fade out. Our findings do not support some prior hypotheses that the use of high dose corticosteroids is protective against the development of PTSD. On the contrary, the adversity both before and after the SARS outbreak may be more important in hindering recovery from PTSD. The risk factor analysis can not only improve the detection of hidden psychiatric complications but also provide insight for the possible model of care delivery for the SARS survivors. With the complex interaction of the biopsychosocial challenges of SARS, an integrated multidisciplinary clinic setting may be a superior approach in the long-term management of complicated PTSD cases.

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Was SARS a mental health catastrophe?

Cited by 142 publications

References 13 publications

COVID-19 and mental health: A review of the existing literature

COVID-19 and mental health: A review of the existing literature

Involvement of the Nervous System in SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Risk factors for chronic post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in SARS survivors

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